Theory Extended_Nonnegative_Real
section ‹The type of non-negative extended real numbers›
theory Extended_Nonnegative_Real
imports Extended_Real Indicator_Function
begin
lemma ereal_ineq_diff_add:
assumes "b ≠ (-∞::ereal)" "a ≥ b"
shows "a = b + (a-b)"
by (metis add.commute assms ereal_eq_minus_iff ereal_minus_le_iff ereal_plus_eq_PInfty)
lemma Limsup_const_add:
fixes c :: "'a::{complete_linorder, linorder_topology, topological_monoid_add, ordered_ab_semigroup_add}"
shows "F ≠ bot ⟹ Limsup F (λx. c + f x) = c + Limsup F f"
by (rule Limsup_compose_continuous_mono)
(auto intro!: monoI add_mono continuous_on_add continuous_on_id continuous_on_const)
lemma Liminf_const_add:
fixes c :: "'a::{complete_linorder, linorder_topology, topological_monoid_add, ordered_ab_semigroup_add}"
shows "F ≠ bot ⟹ Liminf F (λx. c + f x) = c + Liminf F f"
by (rule Liminf_compose_continuous_mono)
(auto intro!: monoI add_mono continuous_on_add continuous_on_id continuous_on_const)
lemma Liminf_add_const:
fixes c :: "'a::{complete_linorder, linorder_topology, topological_monoid_add, ordered_ab_semigroup_add}"
shows "F ≠ bot ⟹ Liminf F (λx. f x + c) = Liminf F f + c"
by (rule Liminf_compose_continuous_mono)
(auto intro!: monoI add_mono continuous_on_add continuous_on_id continuous_on_const)
lemma sums_offset:
fixes f g :: "nat ⇒ 'a :: {t2_space, topological_comm_monoid_add}"
assumes "(λn. f (n + i)) sums l" shows "f sums (l + (∑j<i. f j))"
proof -
have "(λk. (∑n<k. f (n + i)) + (∑j<i. f j)) ⇢ l + (∑j<i. f j)"
using assms by (auto intro!: tendsto_add simp: sums_def)
moreover have "(∑j<k + i. f j) = (∑n<k. f (n + i)) + (∑j<i. f j)" for k :: nat
proof -
have "(∑j<k + i. f j) = (∑j=i..<k + i. f j) + (∑j=0..<i. f j)"
by (subst sum.union_disjoint[symmetric]) (auto intro!: sum.cong)
also have "(∑j=i..<k + i. f j) = (∑j∈(λn. n + i)`{0..<k}. f j)"
unfolding image_add_atLeastLessThan by simp
finally show ?thesis
by (auto simp: inj_on_def atLeast0LessThan sum.reindex)
qed
ultimately have "(λk. (∑n<k + i. f n)) ⇢ l + (∑j<i. f j)"
by simp
then show ?thesis
unfolding sums_def by (rule LIMSEQ_offset)
qed
lemma suminf_offset:
fixes f g :: "nat ⇒ 'a :: {t2_space, topological_comm_monoid_add}"
shows "summable (λj. f (j + i)) ⟹ suminf f = (∑j. f (j + i)) + (∑j<i. f j)"
by (intro sums_unique[symmetric] sums_offset summable_sums)
lemma eventually_at_left_1: "(⋀z::real. 0 < z ⟹ z < 1 ⟹ P z) ⟹ eventually P (at_left 1)"
by (subst eventually_at_left[of 0]) (auto intro: exI[of _ 0])
lemma mult_eq_1:
fixes a b :: "'a :: {ordered_semiring, comm_monoid_mult}"
shows "0 ≤ a ⟹ a ≤ 1 ⟹ b ≤ 1 ⟹ a * b = 1 ⟷ (a = 1 ∧ b = 1)"
by (metis mult.left_neutral eq_iff mult.commute mult_right_mono)
lemma ereal_add_diff_cancel:
fixes a b :: ereal
shows "¦b¦ ≠ ∞ ⟹ (a + b) - b = a"
by (cases a b rule: ereal2_cases) auto
lemma add_top:
fixes x :: "'a::{order_top, ordered_comm_monoid_add}"
shows "0 ≤ x ⟹ x + top = top"
by (intro top_le add_increasing order_refl)
lemma top_add:
fixes x :: "'a::{order_top, ordered_comm_monoid_add}"
shows "0 ≤ x ⟹ top + x = top"
by (intro top_le add_increasing2 order_refl)
lemma le_lfp: "mono f ⟹ x ≤ lfp f ⟹ f x ≤ lfp f"
by (subst lfp_unfold) (auto dest: monoD)
lemma lfp_transfer:
assumes α: "sup_continuous α" and f: "sup_continuous f" and mg: "mono g"
assumes bot: "α bot ≤ lfp g" and eq: "⋀x. x ≤ lfp f ⟹ α (f x) = g (α x)"
shows "α (lfp f) = lfp g"
proof (rule antisym)
note mf = sup_continuous_mono[OF f]
have f_le_lfp: "(f ^^ i) bot ≤ lfp f" for i
by (induction i) (auto intro: le_lfp mf)
have "α ((f ^^ i) bot) ≤ lfp g" for i
by (induction i) (auto simp: bot eq f_le_lfp intro!: le_lfp mg)
then show "α (lfp f) ≤ lfp g"
unfolding sup_continuous_lfp[OF f]
by (subst α[THEN sup_continuousD])
(auto intro!: mono_funpow sup_continuous_mono[OF f] SUP_least)
show "lfp g ≤ α (lfp f)"
by (rule lfp_lowerbound) (simp add: eq[symmetric] lfp_fixpoint[OF mf])
qed
lemma sup_continuous_applyD: "sup_continuous f ⟹ sup_continuous (λx. f x h)"
using sup_continuous_apply[THEN sup_continuous_compose] .
lemma sup_continuous_SUP[order_continuous_intros]:
fixes M :: "_ ⇒ _ ⇒ 'a::complete_lattice"
assumes M: "⋀i. i ∈ I ⟹ sup_continuous (M i)"
shows "sup_continuous (SUP i∈I. M i)"
unfolding sup_continuous_def by (auto simp add: sup_continuousD [OF M] image_comp intro: SUP_commute)
lemma sup_continuous_apply_SUP[order_continuous_intros]:
fixes M :: "_ ⇒ _ ⇒ 'a::complete_lattice"
shows "(⋀i. i ∈ I ⟹ sup_continuous (M i)) ⟹ sup_continuous (λx. SUP i∈I. M i x)"
unfolding SUP_apply[symmetric] by (rule sup_continuous_SUP)
lemma sup_continuous_lfp'[order_continuous_intros]:
assumes 1: "sup_continuous f"
assumes 2: "⋀g. sup_continuous g ⟹ sup_continuous (f g)"
shows "sup_continuous (lfp f)"
proof -
have "sup_continuous ((f ^^ i) bot)" for i
proof (induction i)
case (Suc i) then show ?case
by (auto intro!: 2)
qed (simp add: bot_fun_def sup_continuous_const)
then show ?thesis
unfolding sup_continuous_lfp[OF 1] by (intro order_continuous_intros)
qed
lemma sup_continuous_lfp''[order_continuous_intros]:
assumes 1: "⋀s. sup_continuous (f s)"
assumes 2: "⋀g. sup_continuous g ⟹ sup_continuous (λs. f s (g s))"
shows "sup_continuous (λx. lfp (f x))"
proof -
have "sup_continuous (λx. (f x ^^ i) bot)" for i
proof (induction i)
case (Suc i) then show ?case
by (auto intro!: 2)
qed (simp add: bot_fun_def sup_continuous_const)
then show ?thesis
unfolding sup_continuous_lfp[OF 1] by (intro order_continuous_intros)
qed
lemma mono_INF_fun:
"(⋀x y. mono (F x y)) ⟹ mono (λz x. INF y ∈ X x. F x y z :: 'a :: complete_lattice)"
by (auto intro!: INF_mono[OF bexI] simp: le_fun_def mono_def)
lemma continuous_on_cmult_ereal:
"¦c::ereal¦ ≠ ∞ ⟹ continuous_on A f ⟹ continuous_on A (λx. c * f x)"
using tendsto_cmult_ereal[of c f "f x" "at x within A" for x]
by (auto simp: continuous_on_def simp del: tendsto_cmult_ereal)
lemma real_of_nat_Sup:
assumes "A ≠ {}" "bdd_above A"
shows "of_nat (Sup A) = (SUP a∈A. of_nat a :: real)"
proof (intro antisym)
show "(SUP a∈A. of_nat a::real) ≤ of_nat (Sup A)"
using assms by (intro cSUP_least of_nat_mono) (auto intro: cSup_upper)
have "Sup A ∈ A"
using assms by (auto simp: Sup_nat_def bdd_above_nat)
then show "of_nat (Sup A) ≤ (SUP a∈A. of_nat a::real)"
by (intro cSUP_upper bdd_above_image_mono assms) (auto simp: mono_def)
qed
lemma (in complete_lattice) SUP_sup_const1:
"I ≠ {} ⟹ (SUP i∈I. sup c (f i)) = sup c (SUP i∈I. f i)"
using SUP_sup_distrib[of "λ_. c" I f] by simp
lemma (in complete_lattice) SUP_sup_const2:
"I ≠ {} ⟹ (SUP i∈I. sup (f i) c) = sup (SUP i∈I. f i) c"
using SUP_sup_distrib[of f I "λ_. c"] by simp
lemma one_less_of_natD:
assumes "(1::'a::linordered_semidom) < of_nat n" shows "1 < n"
by (cases n) (use assms in auto)
subsection ‹Defining the extended non-negative reals›
text ‹Basic definitions and type class setup›
typedef ennreal = "{x :: ereal. 0 ≤ x}"
morphisms enn2ereal e2ennreal'
by auto
definition "e2ennreal x = e2ennreal' (max 0 x)"
lemma enn2ereal_range: "e2ennreal ` {0..} = UNIV"
proof -
have "∃y≥0. x = e2ennreal y" for x
by (cases x) (auto simp: e2ennreal_def max_absorb2)
then show ?thesis
by (auto simp: image_iff Bex_def)
qed
lemma type_definition_ennreal': "type_definition enn2ereal e2ennreal {x. 0 ≤ x}"
using type_definition_ennreal
by (auto simp: type_definition_def e2ennreal_def max_absorb2)
setup_lifting type_definition_ennreal'
declare [[coercion e2ennreal]]
instantiation ennreal :: complete_linorder
begin
lift_definition top_ennreal :: ennreal is top by (rule top_greatest)
lift_definition bot_ennreal :: ennreal is 0 by (rule order_refl)
lift_definition sup_ennreal :: "ennreal ⇒ ennreal ⇒ ennreal" is sup by (rule le_supI1)
lift_definition inf_ennreal :: "ennreal ⇒ ennreal ⇒ ennreal" is inf by (rule le_infI)
lift_definition Inf_ennreal :: "ennreal set ⇒ ennreal" is "Inf"
by (rule Inf_greatest)
lift_definition Sup_ennreal :: "ennreal set ⇒ ennreal" is "sup 0 ∘ Sup"
by auto
lift_definition less_eq_ennreal :: "ennreal ⇒ ennreal ⇒ bool" is "(≤)" .
lift_definition less_ennreal :: "ennreal ⇒ ennreal ⇒ bool" is "(<)" .
instance
by standard
(transfer; auto simp: Inf_lower Inf_greatest Sup_upper Sup_least le_max_iff_disj max.absorb1)+
end
lemma pcr_ennreal_enn2ereal[simp]: "pcr_ennreal (enn2ereal x) x"
by (simp add: ennreal.pcr_cr_eq cr_ennreal_def)
lemma rel_fun_eq_pcr_ennreal: "rel_fun (=) pcr_ennreal f g ⟷ f = enn2ereal ∘ g"
by (auto simp: rel_fun_def ennreal.pcr_cr_eq cr_ennreal_def)
instantiation ennreal :: infinity
begin
definition infinity_ennreal :: ennreal
where [simp]: "∞ = (top::ennreal)"
instance ..
end
instantiation ennreal :: "{semiring_1_no_zero_divisors, comm_semiring_1}"
begin
lift_definition one_ennreal :: ennreal is 1 by simp
lift_definition zero_ennreal :: ennreal is 0 by simp
lift_definition plus_ennreal :: "ennreal ⇒ ennreal ⇒ ennreal" is "(+)" by simp
lift_definition times_ennreal :: "ennreal ⇒ ennreal ⇒ ennreal" is "(*)" by simp
instance
by standard (transfer; auto simp: field_simps ereal_right_distrib)+
end
instantiation ennreal :: minus
begin
lift_definition minus_ennreal :: "ennreal ⇒ ennreal ⇒ ennreal" is "λa b. max 0 (a - b)"
by simp
instance ..
end
instance ennreal :: numeral ..
instantiation ennreal :: inverse
begin
lift_definition inverse_ennreal :: "ennreal ⇒ ennreal" is inverse
by (rule inverse_ereal_ge0I)
definition divide_ennreal :: "ennreal ⇒ ennreal ⇒ ennreal"
where "x div y = x * inverse (y :: ennreal)"
instance ..
end
lemma ennreal_zero_less_one: "0 < (1::ennreal)"
by transfer auto
instance ennreal :: dioid
proof (standard; transfer)
fix a b :: ereal assume "0 ≤ a" "0 ≤ b" then show "(a ≤ b) = (∃c∈Collect ((≤) 0). b = a + c)"
unfolding ereal_ex_split Bex_def
by (cases a b rule: ereal2_cases) (auto intro!: exI[of _ "real_of_ereal (b - a)"])
qed
instance ennreal :: ordered_comm_semiring
by standard
(transfer; auto intro: add_mono mult_mono mult_ac ereal_left_distrib ereal_mult_left_mono)+
instance ennreal :: linordered_nonzero_semiring
proof
fix a b::ennreal
show "a < b ⟹ a + 1 < b + 1"
by transfer (simp add: add_right_mono ereal_add_cancel_right less_le)
qed (transfer; simp)
instance ennreal :: strict_ordered_ab_semigroup_add
proof
fix a b c d :: ennreal show "a < b ⟹ c < d ⟹ a + c < b + d"
by transfer (auto intro!: ereal_add_strict_mono)
qed
declare [[coercion "of_nat :: nat ⇒ ennreal"]]
lemma e2ennreal_neg: "x ≤ 0 ⟹ e2ennreal x = 0"
unfolding zero_ennreal_def e2ennreal_def by (simp add: max_absorb1)
lemma e2ennreal_mono: "x ≤ y ⟹ e2ennreal x ≤ e2ennreal y"
by (cases "0 ≤ x" "0 ≤ y" rule: bool.exhaust[case_product bool.exhaust])
(auto simp: e2ennreal_neg less_eq_ennreal.abs_eq eq_onp_def)
lemma enn2ereal_nonneg[simp]: "0 ≤ enn2ereal x"
using ennreal.enn2ereal[of x] by simp
lemma ereal_ennreal_cases:
obtains b where "0 ≤ a" "a = enn2ereal b" | "a < 0"
using e2ennreal'_inverse[of a, symmetric] by (cases "0 ≤ a") (auto intro: enn2ereal_nonneg)
lemma rel_fun_liminf[transfer_rule]: "rel_fun (rel_fun (=) pcr_ennreal) pcr_ennreal liminf liminf"
proof -
have "∀x y. rel_fun (=) pcr_ennreal x y ⟶ pcr_ennreal (sup 0 (liminf x)) (liminf y) ⟹
∀x y. rel_fun (=) pcr_ennreal x y ⟶ pcr_ennreal (liminf x) (liminf y)"
by (auto simp: comp_def Liminf_bounded rel_fun_eq_pcr_ennreal)
moreover have "rel_fun (rel_fun (=) pcr_ennreal) pcr_ennreal (λx. sup 0 (liminf x)) liminf"
unfolding liminf_SUP_INF[abs_def] by (transfer_prover_start, transfer_step+; simp)
ultimately show ?thesis
by (simp add: rel_fun_def)
qed
lemma rel_fun_limsup[transfer_rule]: "rel_fun (rel_fun (=) pcr_ennreal) pcr_ennreal limsup limsup"
proof -
have "rel_fun (rel_fun (=) pcr_ennreal) pcr_ennreal (λx. INF n. sup 0 (SUP i∈{n..}. x i)) limsup"
unfolding limsup_INF_SUP[abs_def] by (transfer_prover_start, transfer_step+; simp)
then show ?thesis
unfolding limsup_INF_SUP[abs_def]
apply (subst (asm) (2) rel_fun_def)
apply (subst (2) rel_fun_def)
apply (auto simp: comp_def max.absorb2 Sup_upper2 rel_fun_eq_pcr_ennreal)
apply (subst (asm) max.absorb2)
apply (auto intro: SUP_upper2)
done
qed
lemma sum_enn2ereal[simp]: "(⋀i. i ∈ I ⟹ 0 ≤ f i) ⟹ (∑i∈I. enn2ereal (f i)) = enn2ereal (sum f I)"
by (induction I rule: infinite_finite_induct) (auto simp: sum_nonneg zero_ennreal.rep_eq plus_ennreal.rep_eq)
lemma transfer_e2ennreal_sum [transfer_rule]:
"rel_fun (rel_fun (=) pcr_ennreal) (rel_fun (=) pcr_ennreal) sum sum"
by (auto intro!: rel_funI simp: rel_fun_eq_pcr_ennreal comp_def)
lemma enn2ereal_of_nat[simp]: "enn2ereal (of_nat n) = ereal n"
by (induction n) (auto simp: zero_ennreal.rep_eq one_ennreal.rep_eq plus_ennreal.rep_eq)
lemma enn2ereal_numeral[simp]: "enn2ereal (numeral a) = numeral a"
by (metis enn2ereal_of_nat numeral_eq_ereal of_nat_numeral)
lemma transfer_numeral[transfer_rule]: "pcr_ennreal (numeral a) (numeral a)"
unfolding cr_ennreal_def pcr_ennreal_def by auto
subsection ‹Cancellation simprocs›
lemma ennreal_add_left_cancel: "a + b = a + c ⟷ a = (∞::ennreal) ∨ b = c"
unfolding infinity_ennreal_def by transfer (simp add: top_ereal_def ereal_add_cancel_left)
lemma ennreal_add_left_cancel_le: "a + b ≤ a + c ⟷ a = (∞::ennreal) ∨ b ≤ c"
unfolding infinity_ennreal_def by transfer (simp add: ereal_add_le_add_iff top_ereal_def disj_commute)
lemma ereal_add_left_cancel_less:
fixes a b c :: ereal
shows "0 ≤ a ⟹ 0 ≤ b ⟹ a + b < a + c ⟷ a ≠ ∞ ∧ b < c"
by (cases a b c rule: ereal3_cases) auto
lemma ennreal_add_left_cancel_less: "a + b < a + c ⟷ a ≠ (∞::ennreal) ∧ b < c"
unfolding infinity_ennreal_def
by transfer (simp add: top_ereal_def ereal_add_left_cancel_less)
ML ‹
structure Cancel_Ennreal_Common =
struct
fun find_first_t _ _ [] = raise TERM("find_first_t", [])
| find_first_t past u (t::terms) =
if u aconv t then (rev past @ terms)
else find_first_t (t::past) u terms
fun dest_summing (Const (\<^const_name>‹Groups.plus›, _) $ t $ u, ts) =
dest_summing (t, dest_summing (u, ts))
| dest_summing (t, ts) = t :: ts
val mk_sum = Arith_Data.long_mk_sum
fun dest_sum t = dest_summing (t, [])
val find_first = find_first_t []
val trans_tac = Numeral_Simprocs.trans_tac
val norm_ss =
simpset_of (put_simpset HOL_basic_ss \<^context>
addsimps @{thms ac_simps add_0_left add_0_right})
fun norm_tac ctxt = ALLGOALS (simp_tac (put_simpset norm_ss ctxt))
fun simplify_meta_eq ctxt cancel_th th =
Arith_Data.simplify_meta_eq [] ctxt
([th, cancel_th] MRS trans)
fun mk_eq (a, b) = HOLogic.mk_Trueprop (HOLogic.mk_eq (a, b))
end
structure Eq_Ennreal_Cancel = ExtractCommonTermFun
(open Cancel_Ennreal_Common
val mk_bal = HOLogic.mk_eq
val dest_bal = HOLogic.dest_bin \<^const_name>‹HOL.eq› \<^typ>‹ennreal›
fun simp_conv _ _ = SOME @{thm ennreal_add_left_cancel}
)
structure Le_Ennreal_Cancel = ExtractCommonTermFun
(open Cancel_Ennreal_Common
val mk_bal = HOLogic.mk_binrel \<^const_name>‹Orderings.less_eq›
val dest_bal = HOLogic.dest_bin \<^const_name>‹Orderings.less_eq› \<^typ>‹ennreal›
fun simp_conv _ _ = SOME @{thm ennreal_add_left_cancel_le}
)
structure Less_Ennreal_Cancel = ExtractCommonTermFun
(open Cancel_Ennreal_Common
val mk_bal = HOLogic.mk_binrel \<^const_name>‹Orderings.less›
val dest_bal = HOLogic.dest_bin \<^const_name>‹Orderings.less› \<^typ>‹ennreal›
fun simp_conv _ _ = SOME @{thm ennreal_add_left_cancel_less}
)
›
simproc_setup ennreal_eq_cancel
("(l::ennreal) + m = n" | "(l::ennreal) = m + n") =
‹K (fn ctxt => fn ct => Eq_Ennreal_Cancel.proc ctxt (Thm.term_of ct))›
simproc_setup ennreal_le_cancel
("(l::ennreal) + m ≤ n" | "(l::ennreal) ≤ m + n") =
‹K (fn ctxt => fn ct => Le_Ennreal_Cancel.proc ctxt (Thm.term_of ct))›
simproc_setup ennreal_less_cancel
("(l::ennreal) + m < n" | "(l::ennreal) < m + n") =
‹K (fn ctxt => fn ct => Less_Ennreal_Cancel.proc ctxt (Thm.term_of ct))›
subsection ‹Order with top›
lemma ennreal_zero_less_top[simp]: "0 < (top::ennreal)"
by transfer (simp add: top_ereal_def)
lemma ennreal_one_less_top[simp]: "1 < (top::ennreal)"
by transfer (simp add: top_ereal_def)
lemma ennreal_zero_neq_top[simp]: "0 ≠ (top::ennreal)"
by transfer (simp add: top_ereal_def)
lemma ennreal_top_neq_zero[simp]: "(top::ennreal) ≠ 0"
by transfer (simp add: top_ereal_def)
lemma ennreal_top_neq_one[simp]: "top ≠ (1::ennreal)"
by transfer (simp add: top_ereal_def one_ereal_def flip: ereal_max)
lemma ennreal_one_neq_top[simp]: "1 ≠ (top::ennreal)"
by transfer (simp add: top_ereal_def one_ereal_def flip: ereal_max)
lemma ennreal_add_less_top[simp]:
fixes a b :: ennreal
shows "a + b < top ⟷ a < top ∧ b < top"
by transfer (auto simp: top_ereal_def)
lemma ennreal_add_eq_top[simp]:
fixes a b :: ennreal
shows "a + b = top ⟷ a = top ∨ b = top"
by transfer (auto simp: top_ereal_def)
lemma ennreal_sum_less_top[simp]:
fixes f :: "'a ⇒ ennreal"
shows "finite I ⟹ (∑i∈I. f i) < top ⟷ (∀i∈I. f i < top)"
by (induction I rule: finite_induct) auto
lemma ennreal_sum_eq_top[simp]:
fixes f :: "'a ⇒ ennreal"
shows "finite I ⟹ (∑i∈I. f i) = top ⟷ (∃i∈I. f i = top)"
by (induction I rule: finite_induct) auto
lemma ennreal_mult_eq_top_iff:
fixes a b :: ennreal
shows "a * b = top ⟷ (a = top ∧ b ≠ 0) ∨ (b = top ∧ a ≠ 0)"
by transfer (auto simp: top_ereal_def)
lemma ennreal_top_eq_mult_iff:
fixes a b :: ennreal
shows "top = a * b ⟷ (a = top ∧ b ≠ 0) ∨ (b = top ∧ a ≠ 0)"
using ennreal_mult_eq_top_iff[of a b] by auto
lemma ennreal_mult_less_top:
fixes a b :: ennreal
shows "a * b < top ⟷ (a = 0 ∨ b = 0 ∨ (a < top ∧ b < top))"
by transfer (auto simp add: top_ereal_def)
lemma top_power_ennreal: "top ^ n = (if n = 0 then 1 else top :: ennreal)"
by (induction n) (simp_all add: ennreal_mult_eq_top_iff)
lemma ennreal_prod_eq_0[simp]:
fixes f :: "'a ⇒ ennreal"
shows "(prod f A = 0) = (finite A ∧ (∃i∈A. f i = 0))"
by (induction A rule: infinite_finite_induct) auto
lemma ennreal_prod_eq_top:
fixes f :: "'a ⇒ ennreal"
shows "(∏i∈I. f i) = top ⟷ (finite I ∧ ((∀i∈I. f i ≠ 0) ∧ (∃i∈I. f i = top)))"
by (induction I rule: infinite_finite_induct) (auto simp: ennreal_mult_eq_top_iff)
lemma ennreal_top_mult: "top * a = (if a = 0 then 0 else top :: ennreal)"
by (simp add: ennreal_mult_eq_top_iff)
lemma ennreal_mult_top: "a * top = (if a = 0 then 0 else top :: ennreal)"
by (simp add: ennreal_mult_eq_top_iff)
lemma enn2ereal_eq_top_iff[simp]: "enn2ereal x = ∞ ⟷ x = top"
by transfer (simp add: top_ereal_def)
lemma enn2ereal_top[simp]: "enn2ereal top = ∞"
by transfer (simp add: top_ereal_def)
lemma e2ennreal_infty[simp]: "e2ennreal ∞ = top"
by (simp add: top_ennreal.abs_eq top_ereal_def)
lemma ennreal_top_minus[simp]: "top - x = (top::ennreal)"
by transfer (auto simp: top_ereal_def max_def)
lemma minus_top_ennreal: "x - top = (if x = top then top else 0:: ennreal)"
by transfer (use ereal_eq_minus_iff top_ereal_def in force)
lemma bot_ennreal: "bot = (0::ennreal)"
by transfer rule
lemma ennreal_of_nat_neq_top[simp]: "of_nat i ≠ (top::ennreal)"
by (induction i) auto
lemma numeral_eq_of_nat: "(numeral a::ennreal) = of_nat (numeral a)"
by simp
lemma of_nat_less_top: "of_nat i < (top::ennreal)"
using less_le_trans[of "of_nat i" "of_nat (Suc i)" "top::ennreal"]
by simp
lemma top_neq_numeral[simp]: "top ≠ (numeral i::ennreal)"
using of_nat_less_top[of "numeral i"] by simp
lemma ennreal_numeral_less_top[simp]: "numeral i < (top::ennreal)"
using of_nat_less_top[of "numeral i"] by simp
lemma ennreal_add_bot[simp]: "bot + x = (x::ennreal)"
by transfer simp
lemma add_top_right_ennreal [simp]: "x + top = (top :: ennreal)"
by (cases x) auto
lemma add_top_left_ennreal [simp]: "top + x = (top :: ennreal)"
by (cases x) auto
lemma ennreal_top_mult_left [simp]: "x ≠ 0 ⟹ x * top = (top :: ennreal)"
by (subst ennreal_mult_eq_top_iff) auto
lemma ennreal_top_mult_right [simp]: "x ≠ 0 ⟹ top * x = (top :: ennreal)"
by (subst ennreal_mult_eq_top_iff) auto
lemma power_top_ennreal [simp]: "n > 0 ⟹ top ^ n = (top :: ennreal)"
by (induction n) auto
lemma power_eq_top_ennreal_iff: "x ^ n = top ⟷ x = (top :: ennreal) ∧ n > 0"
by (induction n) (auto simp: ennreal_mult_eq_top_iff)
lemma ennreal_mult_le_mult_iff: "c ≠ 0 ⟹ c ≠ top ⟹ c * a ≤ c * b ⟷ a ≤ (b :: ennreal)"
including ennreal.lifting
by (transfer, subst ereal_mult_le_mult_iff) (auto simp: top_ereal_def)
lemma power_mono_ennreal: "x ≤ y ⟹ x ^ n ≤ (y ^ n :: ennreal)"
by (induction n) (auto intro!: mult_mono)
instance ennreal :: semiring_char_0
proof (standard, safe intro!: linorder_injI)
have *: "1 + of_nat k ≠ (0::ennreal)" for k
using add_pos_nonneg[OF zero_less_one, of "of_nat k :: ennreal"] by auto
fix x y :: nat assume "x < y" "of_nat x = (of_nat y::ennreal)" then show False
by (auto simp add: less_iff_Suc_add *)
qed
subsection ‹Arithmetic›
lemma ennreal_minus_zero[simp]: "a - (0::ennreal) = a"
by transfer (auto simp: max_def)
lemma ennreal_add_diff_cancel_right[simp]:
fixes x y z :: ennreal shows "y ≠ top ⟹ (x + y) - y = x"
by transfer (metis ereal_eq_minus_iff max_absorb2 not_MInfty_nonneg top_ereal_def)
lemma ennreal_add_diff_cancel_left[simp]:
fixes x y z :: ennreal shows "y ≠ top ⟹ (y + x) - y = x"
by (simp add: add.commute)
lemma
fixes a b :: ennreal
shows "a - b = 0 ⟹ a ≤ b"
by transfer (metis ereal_diff_gr0 le_cases max.absorb2 not_less)
lemma ennreal_minus_cancel:
fixes a b c :: ennreal
shows "c ≠ top ⟹ a ≤ c ⟹ b ≤ c ⟹ c - a = c - b ⟹ a = b"
by (metis ennreal_add_diff_cancel_left ennreal_add_diff_cancel_right ennreal_add_eq_top less_eqE)
lemma sup_const_add_ennreal:
fixes a b c :: "ennreal"
shows "sup (c + a) (c + b) = c + sup a b"
by transfer (metis add_left_mono le_cases sup.absorb2 sup.orderE)
lemma ennreal_diff_add_assoc:
fixes a b c :: ennreal
shows "a ≤ b ⟹ c + b - a = c + (b - a)"
by (metis add.left_commute ennreal_add_diff_cancel_left ennreal_add_eq_top ennreal_top_minus less_eqE)
lemma mult_divide_eq_ennreal:
fixes a b :: ennreal
shows "b ≠ 0 ⟹ b ≠ top ⟹ (a * b) / b = a"
unfolding divide_ennreal_def
apply transfer
by (metis abs_ereal_ge0 divide_ereal_def ereal_divide_eq ereal_times_divide_eq top_ereal_def)
lemma divide_mult_eq: "a ≠ 0 ⟹ a ≠ ∞ ⟹ x * a / (b * a) = x / (b::ennreal)"
unfolding divide_ennreal_def infinity_ennreal_def
apply transfer
subgoal for a b c
by (cases a b c rule: ereal3_cases) (auto simp: top_ereal_def)
done
lemma ennreal_mult_divide_eq:
fixes a b :: ennreal
shows "b ≠ 0 ⟹ b ≠ top ⟹ (a * b) / b = a"
by (fact mult_divide_eq_ennreal)
lemma ennreal_add_diff_cancel:
fixes a b :: ennreal
shows "b ≠ ∞ ⟹ (a + b) - b = a"
by simp
lemma ennreal_minus_eq_0:
"a - b = 0 ⟹ a ≤ (b::ennreal)"
by transfer (metis ereal_diff_gr0 le_cases max.absorb2 not_less)
lemma ennreal_mono_minus_cancel:
fixes a b c :: ennreal
shows "a - b ≤ a - c ⟹ a < top ⟹ b ≤ a ⟹ c ≤ a ⟹ c ≤ b"
by transfer
(auto simp add: max.absorb2 ereal_diff_positive top_ereal_def dest: ereal_mono_minus_cancel)
lemma ennreal_mono_minus:
fixes a b c :: ennreal
shows "c ≤ b ⟹ a - b ≤ a - c"
by transfer (meson ereal_minus_mono max.mono order_refl)
lemma ennreal_minus_pos_iff:
fixes a b :: ennreal
shows "a < top ∨ b < top ⟹ 0 < a - b ⟹ b < a"
by transfer (use add.left_neutral ereal_minus_le_iff less_irrefl not_less in fastforce)
lemma ennreal_inverse_top[simp]: "inverse top = (0::ennreal)"
by transfer (simp add: top_ereal_def ereal_inverse_eq_0)
lemma ennreal_inverse_zero[simp]: "inverse 0 = (top::ennreal)"
by transfer (simp add: top_ereal_def ereal_inverse_eq_0)
lemma ennreal_top_divide: "top / (x::ennreal) = (if x = top then 0 else top)"
unfolding divide_ennreal_def
by transfer (simp add: top_ereal_def ereal_inverse_eq_0 ereal_0_gt_inverse)
lemma ennreal_zero_divide[simp]: "0 / (x::ennreal) = 0"
by (simp add: divide_ennreal_def)
lemma ennreal_divide_zero[simp]: "x / (0::ennreal) = (if x = 0 then 0 else top)"
by (simp add: divide_ennreal_def ennreal_mult_top)
lemma ennreal_divide_top[simp]: "x / (top::ennreal) = 0"
by (simp add: divide_ennreal_def ennreal_top_mult)
lemma ennreal_times_divide: "a * (b / c) = a * b / (c::ennreal)"
unfolding divide_ennreal_def
by transfer (simp add: divide_ereal_def[symmetric] ereal_times_divide_eq)
lemma ennreal_zero_less_divide: "0 < a / b ⟷ (0 < a ∧ b < (top::ennreal))"
unfolding divide_ennreal_def
by transfer (auto simp: ereal_zero_less_0_iff top_ereal_def ereal_0_gt_inverse)
lemma add_divide_distrib_ennreal: "(a + b) / c = a / c + b / (c :: ennreal)"
by (simp add: divide_ennreal_def ring_distribs)
lemma divide_right_mono_ennreal:
fixes a b c :: ennreal
shows "a ≤ b ⟹ a / c ≤ b / c"
unfolding divide_ennreal_def by (intro mult_mono) auto
lemma ennreal_mult_strict_right_mono: "(a::ennreal) < c ⟹ 0 < b ⟹ b < top ⟹ a * b < c * b"
by transfer (auto intro!: ereal_mult_strict_right_mono)
lemma ennreal_indicator_less[simp]:
"indicator A x ≤ (indicator B x::ennreal) ⟷ (x ∈ A ⟶ x ∈ B)"
by (simp add: indicator_def not_le)
lemma ennreal_inverse_positive: "0 < inverse x ⟷ (x::ennreal) ≠ top"
by transfer (simp add: ereal_0_gt_inverse top_ereal_def)
lemma ennreal_inverse_mult': "((0 < b ∨ a < top) ∧ (0 < a ∨ b < top)) ⟹ inverse (a * b::ennreal) = inverse a * inverse b"
apply transfer
subgoal for a b
by (cases a b rule: ereal2_cases) (auto simp: top_ereal_def)
done
lemma ennreal_inverse_mult: "a < top ⟹ b < top ⟹ inverse (a * b::ennreal) = inverse a * inverse b"
apply transfer
subgoal for a b
by (cases a b rule: ereal2_cases) (auto simp: top_ereal_def)
done
lemma ennreal_inverse_1[simp]: "inverse (1::ennreal) = 1"
by transfer simp
lemma ennreal_inverse_eq_0_iff[simp]: "inverse (a::ennreal) = 0 ⟷ a = top"
by transfer (simp add: ereal_inverse_eq_0 top_ereal_def)
lemma ennreal_inverse_eq_top_iff[simp]: "inverse (a::ennreal) = top ⟷ a = 0"
by transfer (simp add: top_ereal_def)
lemma ennreal_divide_eq_0_iff[simp]: "(a::ennreal) / b = 0 ⟷ (a = 0 ∨ b = top)"
by (simp add: divide_ennreal_def)
lemma ennreal_divide_eq_top_iff: "(a::ennreal) / b = top ⟷ ((a ≠ 0 ∧ b = 0) ∨ (a = top ∧ b ≠ top))"
by (auto simp add: divide_ennreal_def ennreal_mult_eq_top_iff)
lemma one_divide_one_divide_ennreal[simp]: "1 / (1 / c) = (c::ennreal)"
including ennreal.lifting
unfolding divide_ennreal_def
by transfer auto
lemma ennreal_mult_left_cong:
"((a::ennreal) ≠ 0 ⟹ b = c) ⟹ a * b = a * c"
by (cases "a = 0") simp_all
lemma ennreal_mult_right_cong:
"((a::ennreal) ≠ 0 ⟹ b = c) ⟹ b * a = c * a"
by (cases "a = 0") simp_all
lemma ennreal_zero_less_mult_iff: "0 < a * b ⟷ 0 < a ∧ 0 < (b::ennreal)"
by transfer (auto simp add: ereal_zero_less_0_iff le_less)
lemma less_diff_eq_ennreal:
fixes a b c :: ennreal
shows "b < top ∨ c < top ⟹ a < b - c ⟷ a + c < b"
apply transfer
subgoal for a b c
by (cases a b c rule: ereal3_cases) (auto split: split_max)
done
lemma diff_add_cancel_ennreal:
fixes a b :: ennreal shows "a ≤ b ⟹ b - a + a = b"
unfolding infinity_ennreal_def
by transfer (metis (no_types) add.commute ereal_diff_positive ereal_ineq_diff_add max_def not_MInfty_nonneg)
lemma ennreal_diff_self[simp]: "a ≠ top ⟹ a - a = (0::ennreal)"
by transfer (simp add: top_ereal_def)
lemma ennreal_minus_mono:
fixes a b c :: ennreal
shows "a ≤ c ⟹ d ≤ b ⟹ a - b ≤ c - d"
by transfer (meson ereal_minus_mono max.mono order_refl)
lemma ennreal_minus_eq_top[simp]: "a - (b::ennreal) = top ⟷ a = top"
by (metis add_top diff_add_cancel_ennreal ennreal_mono_minus ennreal_top_minus zero_le)
lemma ennreal_divide_self[simp]: "a ≠ 0 ⟹ a < top ⟹ a / a = (1::ennreal)"
by (metis mult_1 mult_divide_eq_ennreal top.not_eq_extremum)
subsection ‹Coercion from \<^typ>‹real› to \<^typ>‹ennreal››
lift_definition ennreal :: "real ⇒ ennreal" is "sup 0 ∘ ereal"
by simp
declare [[coercion ennreal]]
lemma ennreal_cong: "x = y ⟹ ennreal x = ennreal y"
by simp
lemma ennreal_cases[cases type: ennreal]:
fixes x :: ennreal
obtains (real) r :: real where "0 ≤ r" "x = ennreal r" | (top) "x = top"
apply transfer
subgoal for x thesis
by (cases x) (auto simp: top_ereal_def)
done
lemmas ennreal2_cases = ennreal_cases[case_product ennreal_cases]
lemmas ennreal3_cases = ennreal_cases[case_product ennreal2_cases]
lemma ennreal_neq_top[simp]: "ennreal r ≠ top"
by transfer (simp add: top_ereal_def zero_ereal_def flip: ereal_max)
lemma top_neq_ennreal[simp]: "top ≠ ennreal r"
using ennreal_neq_top[of r] by (auto simp del: ennreal_neq_top)
lemma ennreal_less_top[simp]: "ennreal x < top"
by transfer (simp add: top_ereal_def max_def)
lemma ennreal_neg: "x ≤ 0 ⟹ ennreal x = 0"
by transfer (simp add: max.absorb1)
lemma ennreal_inj[simp]:
"0 ≤ a ⟹ 0 ≤ b ⟹ ennreal a = ennreal b ⟷ a = b"
by (transfer fixing: a b) (auto simp: max_absorb2)
lemma ennreal_le_iff[simp]: "0 ≤ y ⟹ ennreal x ≤ ennreal y ⟷ x ≤ y"
by (auto simp: ennreal_def zero_ereal_def less_eq_ennreal.abs_eq eq_onp_def split: split_max)
lemma le_ennreal_iff: "0 ≤ r ⟹ x ≤ ennreal r ⟷ (∃q≥0. x = ennreal q ∧ q ≤ r)"
by (cases x) (auto simp: top_unique)
lemma ennreal_less_iff: "0 ≤ r ⟹ ennreal r < ennreal q ⟷ r < q"
unfolding not_le[symmetric] by auto
lemma ennreal_eq_zero_iff[simp]: "0 ≤ x ⟹ ennreal x = 0 ⟷ x = 0"
by transfer (auto simp: max_absorb2)
lemma ennreal_less_zero_iff[simp]: "0 < ennreal x ⟷ 0 < x"
by transfer (auto simp: max_def)
lemma ennreal_lessI: "0 < q ⟹ r < q ⟹ ennreal r < ennreal q"
by (cases "0 ≤ r") (auto simp: ennreal_less_iff ennreal_neg)
lemma ennreal_leI: "x ≤ y ⟹ ennreal x ≤ ennreal y"
by (cases "0 ≤ y") (auto simp: ennreal_neg)
lemma enn2ereal_ennreal[simp]: "0 ≤ x ⟹ enn2ereal (ennreal x) = x"
by transfer (simp add: max_absorb2)
lemma e2ennreal_enn2ereal[simp]: "e2ennreal (enn2ereal x) = x"
by (simp add: e2ennreal_def max_absorb2 ennreal.enn2ereal_inverse)
lemma enn2ereal_e2ennreal: "x ≥ 0 ⟹ enn2ereal (e2ennreal x) = x"
by (metis e2ennreal_enn2ereal ereal_ennreal_cases not_le)
lemma e2ennreal_ereal [simp]: "e2ennreal (ereal x) = ennreal x"
by (metis e2ennreal_def enn2ereal_inverse ennreal.rep_eq sup_ereal_def)
lemma ennreal_0[simp]: "ennreal 0 = 0"
by (simp add: ennreal_def max.absorb1 zero_ennreal.abs_eq)
lemma ennreal_1[simp]: "ennreal 1 = 1"
by transfer (simp add: max_absorb2)
lemma ennreal_eq_0_iff: "ennreal x = 0 ⟷ x ≤ 0"
by (cases "0 ≤ x") (auto simp: ennreal_neg)
lemma ennreal_le_iff2: "ennreal x ≤ ennreal y ⟷ ((0 ≤ y ∧ x ≤ y) ∨ (x ≤ 0 ∧ y ≤ 0))"
by (cases "0 ≤ y") (auto simp: ennreal_eq_0_iff ennreal_neg)
lemma ennreal_eq_1[simp]: "ennreal x = 1 ⟷ x = 1"
by (cases "0 ≤ x") (auto simp: ennreal_neg simp flip: ennreal_1)
lemma ennreal_le_1[simp]: "ennreal x ≤ 1 ⟷ x ≤ 1"
by (cases "0 ≤ x") (auto simp: ennreal_neg simp flip: ennreal_1)
lemma ennreal_ge_1[simp]: "ennreal x ≥ 1 ⟷ x ≥ 1"
by (cases "0 ≤ x") (auto simp: ennreal_neg simp flip: ennreal_1)
lemma one_less_ennreal[simp]: "1 < ennreal x ⟷ 1 < x"
by (meson ennreal_le_1 linorder_not_le)
lemma ennreal_plus[simp]:
"0 ≤ a ⟹ 0 ≤ b ⟹ ennreal (a + b) = ennreal a + ennreal b"
by (transfer fixing: a b) (auto simp: max_absorb2)
lemma add_mono_ennreal: "x < ennreal y ⟹ x' < ennreal y' ⟹ x + x' < ennreal (y + y')"
by (metis (full_types) add_strict_mono ennreal_less_zero_iff ennreal_plus less_le not_less zero_le)
lemma sum_ennreal[simp]: "(⋀i. i ∈ I ⟹ 0 ≤ f i) ⟹ (∑i∈I. ennreal (f i)) = ennreal (sum f I)"
by (induction I rule: infinite_finite_induct) (auto simp: sum_nonneg)
lemma sum_list_ennreal[simp]:
assumes "⋀x. x ∈ set xs ⟹ f x ≥ 0"
shows "sum_list (map (λx. ennreal (f x)) xs) = ennreal (sum_list (map f xs))"
using assms
proof (induction xs)
case (Cons x xs)
from Cons have "(∑x←x # xs. ennreal (f x)) = ennreal (f x) + ennreal (sum_list (map f xs))"
by simp
also from Cons.prems have "… = ennreal (f x + sum_list (map f xs))"
by (intro ennreal_plus [symmetric] sum_list_nonneg) auto
finally show ?case by simp
qed simp_all
lemma ennreal_of_nat_eq_real_of_nat: "of_nat i = ennreal (of_nat i)"
by (induction i) simp_all
lemma of_nat_le_ennreal_iff[simp]: "0 ≤ r ⟹ of_nat i ≤ ennreal r ⟷ of_nat i ≤ r"
by (simp add: ennreal_of_nat_eq_real_of_nat)
lemma ennreal_le_of_nat_iff[simp]: "ennreal r ≤ of_nat i ⟷ r ≤ of_nat i"
by (simp add: ennreal_of_nat_eq_real_of_nat)
lemma ennreal_indicator: "ennreal (indicator A x) = indicator A x"
by (auto split: split_indicator)
lemma ennreal_numeral[simp]: "ennreal (numeral n) = numeral n"
using ennreal_of_nat_eq_real_of_nat[of "numeral n"] by simp
lemma ennreal_less_numeral_iff [simp]: "ennreal n < numeral w ⟷ n < numeral w"
by (metis ennreal_less_iff ennreal_numeral less_le not_less zero_less_numeral)
lemma numeral_less_ennreal_iff [simp]: "numeral w < ennreal n ⟷ numeral w < n"
using ennreal_less_iff zero_le_numeral by fastforce
lemma numeral_le_ennreal_iff [simp]: "numeral n ≤ ennreal m ⟷ numeral n ≤ m"
by (metis not_le ennreal_less_numeral_iff)
lemma min_ennreal: "0 ≤ x ⟹ 0 ≤ y ⟹ min (ennreal x) (ennreal y) = ennreal (min x y)"
by (auto split: split_min)
lemma ennreal_half[simp]: "ennreal (1/2) = inverse 2"
by transfer (simp add: max.absorb2)
lemma ennreal_minus: "0 ≤ q ⟹ ennreal r - ennreal q = ennreal (r - q)"
by transfer
(simp add: max.absorb2 zero_ereal_def flip: ereal_max)
lemma ennreal_minus_top[simp]: "ennreal a - top = 0"
by (simp add: minus_top_ennreal)
lemma e2eenreal_enn2ereal_diff [simp]:
"e2ennreal(enn2ereal x - enn2ereal y) = x - y" for x y
by (cases x, cases y, auto simp add: ennreal_minus e2ennreal_neg)
lemma ennreal_mult: "0 ≤ a ⟹ 0 ≤ b ⟹ ennreal (a * b) = ennreal a * ennreal b"
by transfer (simp add: max_absorb2)
lemma ennreal_mult': "0 ≤ a ⟹ ennreal (a * b) = ennreal a * ennreal b"
by (cases "0 ≤ b") (auto simp: ennreal_mult ennreal_neg mult_nonneg_nonpos)
lemma indicator_mult_ennreal: "indicator A x * ennreal r = ennreal (indicator A x * r)"
by (simp split: split_indicator)
lemma ennreal_mult'': "0 ≤ b ⟹ ennreal (a * b) = ennreal a * ennreal b"
by (cases "0 ≤ a") (auto simp: ennreal_mult ennreal_neg mult_nonpos_nonneg)
lemma numeral_mult_ennreal: "0 ≤ x ⟹ numeral b * ennreal x = ennreal (numeral b * x)"
by (simp add: ennreal_mult)
lemma ennreal_power: "0 ≤ r ⟹ ennreal r ^ n = ennreal (r ^ n)"
by (induction n) (auto simp: ennreal_mult)
lemma power_eq_top_ennreal: "x ^ n = top ⟷ (n ≠ 0 ∧ (x::ennreal) = top)"
by (cases x rule: ennreal_cases)
(auto simp: ennreal_power top_power_ennreal)
lemma inverse_ennreal: "0 < r ⟹ inverse (ennreal r) = ennreal (inverse r)"
by transfer (simp add: max.absorb2)
lemma divide_ennreal: "0 ≤ r ⟹ 0 < q ⟹ ennreal r / ennreal q = ennreal (r / q)"
by (simp add: divide_ennreal_def inverse_ennreal ennreal_mult[symmetric] inverse_eq_divide)
lemma ennreal_inverse_power: "inverse (x ^ n :: ennreal) = inverse x ^ n"
proof (cases x rule: ennreal_cases)
case top with power_eq_top_ennreal[of x n] show ?thesis
by (cases "n = 0") auto
next
case (real r) then show ?thesis
proof (cases "x = 0")
case False then show ?thesis
by (smt (verit, best) ennreal_0 ennreal_power inverse_ennreal
inverse_nonnegative_iff_nonnegative power_inverse real zero_less_power)
qed (simp add: top_power_ennreal)
qed
lemma power_divide_distrib_ennreal [algebra_simps]:
"(x / y) ^ n = x ^ n / (y ^ n :: ennreal)"
by (simp add: divide_ennreal_def algebra_simps ennreal_inverse_power)
lemma ennreal_divide_numeral: "0 ≤ x ⟹ ennreal x / numeral b = ennreal (x / numeral b)"
by (subst divide_ennreal[symmetric]) auto
lemma prod_ennreal: "(⋀i. i ∈ A ⟹ 0 ≤ f i) ⟹ (∏i∈A. ennreal (f i)) = ennreal (prod f A)"
by (induction A rule: infinite_finite_induct)
(auto simp: ennreal_mult prod_nonneg)
lemma prod_mono_ennreal:
assumes "⋀x. x ∈ A ⟹ f x ≤ (g x :: ennreal)"
shows "prod f A ≤ prod g A"
using assms by (induction A rule: infinite_finite_induct) (auto intro!: mult_mono)
lemma mult_right_ennreal_cancel: "a * ennreal c = b * ennreal c ⟷ (a = b ∨ c ≤ 0)"
proof (cases "0 ≤ c")
case True
then show ?thesis
by (metis ennreal_eq_0_iff ennreal_mult_right_cong ennreal_neq_top mult_divide_eq_ennreal)
qed (use ennreal_neg in auto)
lemma ennreal_le_epsilon:
"(⋀e::real. y < top ⟹ 0 < e ⟹ x ≤ y + ennreal e) ⟹ x ≤ y"
apply (cases y rule: ennreal_cases)
apply (cases x rule: ennreal_cases)
apply (auto simp flip: ennreal_plus simp add: top_unique intro: zero_less_one field_le_epsilon)
done
lemma ennreal_rat_dense:
fixes x y :: ennreal
shows "x < y ⟹ ∃r::rat. x < real_of_rat r ∧ real_of_rat r < y"
proof transfer
fix x y :: ereal assume xy: "0 ≤ x" "0 ≤ y" "x < y"
moreover
from ereal_dense3[OF ‹x < y›]
obtain r where r: "x < ereal (real_of_rat r)" "ereal (real_of_rat r) < y"
by auto
then have "0 ≤ r"
using le_less_trans[OF ‹0 ≤ x› ‹x < ereal (real_of_rat r)›] by auto
with r show "∃r. x < (sup 0 ∘ ereal) (real_of_rat r) ∧ (sup 0 ∘ ereal) (real_of_rat r) < y"
by (intro exI[of _ r]) (auto simp: max_absorb2)
qed
lemma ennreal_Ex_less_of_nat: "(x::ennreal) < top ⟹ ∃n. x < of_nat n"
by (cases x rule: ennreal_cases)
(auto simp: ennreal_of_nat_eq_real_of_nat ennreal_less_iff reals_Archimedean2)
subsection ‹Coercion from \<^typ>‹ennreal› to \<^typ>‹real››
definition "enn2real x = real_of_ereal (enn2ereal x)"
lemma enn2real_nonneg[simp]: "0 ≤ enn2real x"
by (auto simp: enn2real_def intro!: real_of_ereal_pos enn2ereal_nonneg)
lemma enn2real_mono: "a ≤ b ⟹ b < top ⟹ enn2real a ≤ enn2real b"
by (auto simp add: enn2real_def less_eq_ennreal.rep_eq intro!: real_of_ereal_positive_mono enn2ereal_nonneg)
lemma enn2real_of_nat[simp]: "enn2real (of_nat n) = n"
by (auto simp: enn2real_def)
lemma enn2real_ennreal[simp]: "0 ≤ r ⟹ enn2real (ennreal r) = r"
by (simp add: enn2real_def)
lemma ennreal_enn2real[simp]: "r < top ⟹ ennreal (enn2real r) = r"
by (cases r rule: ennreal_cases) auto
lemma real_of_ereal_enn2ereal[simp]: "real_of_ereal (enn2ereal x) = enn2real x"
by (simp add: enn2real_def)
lemma enn2real_top[simp]: "enn2real top = 0"
unfolding enn2real_def top_ennreal.rep_eq top_ereal_def by simp
lemma enn2real_0[simp]: "enn2real 0 = 0"
unfolding enn2real_def zero_ennreal.rep_eq by simp
lemma enn2real_1[simp]: "enn2real 1 = 1"
unfolding enn2real_def one_ennreal.rep_eq by simp
lemma enn2real_numeral[simp]: "enn2real (numeral n) = (numeral n)"
unfolding enn2real_def by simp
lemma enn2real_mult: "enn2real (a * b) = enn2real a * enn2real b"
unfolding enn2real_def
by (simp del: real_of_ereal_enn2ereal add: times_ennreal.rep_eq)
lemma enn2real_leI: "0 ≤ B ⟹ x ≤ ennreal B ⟹ enn2real x ≤ B"
by (cases x rule: ennreal_cases) (auto simp: top_unique)
lemma enn2real_positive_iff: "0 < enn2real x ⟷ (0 < x ∧ x < top)"
by (cases x rule: ennreal_cases) auto
lemma enn2real_eq_posreal_iff[simp]: "c > 0 ⟹ enn2real x = c ⟷ x = c"
by (cases x) auto
lemma ennreal_enn2real_if: "ennreal (enn2real r) = (if r = top then 0 else r)"
by(auto intro!: ennreal_enn2real simp add: less_top)
subsection ‹Coercion from \<^typ>‹enat› to \<^typ>‹ennreal››
definition ennreal_of_enat :: "enat ⇒ ennreal"
where
"ennreal_of_enat n = (case n of ∞ ⇒ top | enat n ⇒ of_nat n)"
declare [[coercion ennreal_of_enat]]
declare [[coercion "of_nat :: nat ⇒ ennreal"]]
lemma ennreal_of_enat_infty[simp]: "ennreal_of_enat ∞ = ∞"
by (simp add: ennreal_of_enat_def)
lemma ennreal_of_enat_enat[simp]: "ennreal_of_enat (enat n) = of_nat n"
by (simp add: ennreal_of_enat_def)
lemma ennreal_of_enat_0[simp]: "ennreal_of_enat 0 = 0"
using ennreal_of_enat_enat[of 0] unfolding enat_0 by simp
lemma ennreal_of_enat_1[simp]: "ennreal_of_enat 1 = 1"
using ennreal_of_enat_enat[of 1] unfolding enat_1 by simp
lemma ennreal_top_neq_of_nat[simp]: "(top::ennreal) ≠ of_nat i"
using ennreal_of_nat_neq_top[of i] by metis
lemma ennreal_of_enat_inj[simp]: "ennreal_of_enat i = ennreal_of_enat j ⟷ i = j"
by (cases i j rule: enat.exhaust[case_product enat.exhaust]) auto
lemma ennreal_of_enat_le_iff[simp]: "ennreal_of_enat m ≤ ennreal_of_enat n ⟷ m ≤ n"
by (auto simp: ennreal_of_enat_def top_unique split: enat.split)
lemma of_nat_less_ennreal_of_nat[simp]: "of_nat n ≤ ennreal_of_enat x ⟷ of_nat n ≤ x"
by (cases x) (auto simp: of_nat_eq_enat)
lemma ennreal_of_enat_Sup: "ennreal_of_enat (Sup X) = (SUP x∈X. ennreal_of_enat x)"
proof -
have "ennreal_of_enat (Sup X) ≤ (SUP x ∈ X. ennreal_of_enat x)"
unfolding Sup_enat_def
proof (clarsimp, intro conjI impI)
fix x assume "finite X" "X ≠ {}"
then show "ennreal_of_enat (Max X) ≤ (SUP x ∈ X. ennreal_of_enat x)"
by (intro SUP_upper Max_in)
next
assume "infinite X" "X ≠ {}"
have "∃y∈X. r < ennreal_of_enat y" if r: "r < top" for r
proof -
obtain n where n: "r < of_nat n"
using ennreal_Ex_less_of_nat[OF r] ..
have "¬ (X ⊆ enat ` {.. n})"
using ‹infinite X› by (auto dest: finite_subset)
then obtain x where x: "x ∈ X" "x ∉ enat ` {..n}"
by blast
then have "of_nat n ≤ x"
by (cases x) (auto simp: of_nat_eq_enat)
with x show ?thesis
by (auto intro!: bexI[of _ x] less_le_trans[OF n])
qed
then have "(SUP x ∈ X. ennreal_of_enat x) = top"
by simp
then show "top ≤ (SUP x ∈ X. ennreal_of_enat x)"
unfolding top_unique by simp
qed
then show ?thesis
by (auto intro!: antisym Sup_least intro: Sup_upper)
qed
lemma ennreal_of_enat_eSuc[simp]: "ennreal_of_enat (eSuc x) = 1 + ennreal_of_enat x"
by (cases x) (auto simp: eSuc_enat)
lemma ennreal_of_enat_plus[simp]: ‹ennreal_of_enat (a+b) = ennreal_of_enat a + ennreal_of_enat b›
proof (induct a)
case (enat nat)
with enat.simps show ?case
by (smt (verit, del_insts) add.commute add_top_left_ennreal enat.exhaust enat_defs(4) ennreal_of_enat_def of_nat_add)
qed auto
lemma sum_ennreal_of_enat[simp]: "(∑i∈I. ennreal_of_enat (f i)) = ennreal_of_enat (sum f I)"
by (induct I rule: infinite_finite_induct) (auto simp: sum_nonneg)
subsection ‹Topology on \<^typ>‹ennreal››
lemma enn2ereal_Iio: "enn2ereal -` {..<a} = (if 0 ≤ a then {..< e2ennreal a} else {})"
using enn2ereal_nonneg
by (cases a rule: ereal_ennreal_cases)
(auto simp add: vimage_def set_eq_iff ennreal.enn2ereal_inverse less_ennreal.rep_eq e2ennreal_def max_absorb2
simp del: enn2ereal_nonneg
intro: le_less_trans less_imp_le)
lemma enn2ereal_Ioi: "enn2ereal -` {a <..} = (if 0 ≤ a then {e2ennreal a <..} else UNIV)"
by (cases a rule: ereal_ennreal_cases)
(auto simp add: vimage_def set_eq_iff ennreal.enn2ereal_inverse less_ennreal.rep_eq e2ennreal_def max_absorb2
intro: less_le_trans)
instantiation ennreal :: linear_continuum_topology
begin
definition open_ennreal :: "ennreal set ⇒ bool"
where "(open :: ennreal set ⇒ bool) = generate_topology (range lessThan ∪ range greaterThan)"
instance
proof
show "∃a b::ennreal. a ≠ b"
using zero_neq_one by (intro exI)
show "⋀x y::ennreal. x < y ⟹ ∃z>x. z < y"
proof transfer
fix x y :: ereal
assume *: "0 ≤ x"
assume "x < y"
from dense[OF this] obtain z where "x < z ∧ z < y" ..
with * show "∃z∈Collect ((≤) 0). x < z ∧ z < y"
by (intro bexI[of _ z]) auto
qed
qed (rule open_ennreal_def)
end
lemma continuous_on_e2ennreal: "continuous_on A e2ennreal"
proof (rule continuous_on_subset)
show "continuous_on ({0..} ∪ {..0}) e2ennreal"
proof (rule continuous_on_closed_Un)
show "continuous_on {0 ..} e2ennreal"
by (rule continuous_onI_mono)
(auto simp add: less_eq_ennreal.abs_eq eq_onp_def enn2ereal_range)
show "continuous_on {.. 0} e2ennreal"
by (subst continuous_on_cong[OF refl, of _ _ "λ_. 0"])
(auto simp add: e2ennreal_neg continuous_on_const)
qed auto
show "A ⊆ {0..} ∪ {..0::ereal}"
by auto
qed
lemma continuous_at_e2ennreal: "continuous (at x within A) e2ennreal"
by (rule continuous_on_imp_continuous_within[OF continuous_on_e2ennreal, of _ UNIV]) auto
lemma continuous_on_enn2ereal: "continuous_on UNIV enn2ereal"
by (rule continuous_on_generate_topology[OF open_generated_order])
(auto simp add: enn2ereal_Iio enn2ereal_Ioi)
lemma continuous_at_enn2ereal: "continuous (at x within A) enn2ereal"
by (rule continuous_on_imp_continuous_within[OF continuous_on_enn2ereal]) auto
lemma sup_continuous_e2ennreal[order_continuous_intros]:
assumes f: "sup_continuous f" shows "sup_continuous (λx. e2ennreal (f x))"
proof (rule sup_continuous_compose[OF _ f])
show "sup_continuous e2ennreal"
by (simp add: continuous_at_e2ennreal continuous_at_left_imp_sup_continuous e2ennreal_mono mono_def)
qed
lemma sup_continuous_enn2ereal[order_continuous_intros]:
assumes f: "sup_continuous f" shows "sup_continuous (λx. enn2ereal (f x))"
proof (rule sup_continuous_compose[OF _ f])
show "sup_continuous enn2ereal"
by (simp add: continuous_at_enn2ereal continuous_at_left_imp_sup_continuous less_eq_ennreal.rep_eq mono_def)
qed
lemma sup_continuous_mult_left_ennreal':
fixes c :: "ennreal"
shows "sup_continuous (λx. c * x)"
unfolding sup_continuous_def
by transfer (auto simp: SUP_ereal_mult_left max.absorb2 SUP_upper2)
lemma sup_continuous_mult_left_ennreal[order_continuous_intros]:
"sup_continuous f ⟹ sup_continuous (λx. c * f x :: ennreal)"
by (rule sup_continuous_compose[OF sup_continuous_mult_left_ennreal'])
lemma sup_continuous_mult_right_ennreal[order_continuous_intros]:
"sup_continuous f ⟹ sup_continuous (λx. f x * c :: ennreal)"
using sup_continuous_mult_left_ennreal[of f c] by (simp add: mult.commute)
lemma sup_continuous_divide_ennreal[order_continuous_intros]:
fixes f g :: "'a::complete_lattice ⇒ ennreal"
shows "sup_continuous f ⟹ sup_continuous (λx. f x / c)"
unfolding divide_ennreal_def by (rule sup_continuous_mult_right_ennreal)
lemma transfer_enn2ereal_continuous_on [transfer_rule]:
"rel_fun (=) (rel_fun (rel_fun (=) pcr_ennreal) (=)) continuous_on continuous_on"
proof -
have "continuous_on A f" if "continuous_on A (λx. enn2ereal (f x))" for A and f :: "'a ⇒ ennreal"
using continuous_on_compose2[OF continuous_on_e2ennreal[of "{0..}"] that]
by (auto simp: ennreal.enn2ereal_inverse subset_eq e2ennreal_def max_absorb2)
moreover
have "continuous_on A (λx. enn2ereal (f x))" if "continuous_on A f" for A and f :: "'a ⇒ ennreal"
using continuous_on_compose2[OF continuous_on_enn2ereal that] by auto
ultimately
show ?thesis
by (auto simp add: rel_fun_def ennreal.pcr_cr_eq cr_ennreal_def)
qed
lemma transfer_sup_continuous[transfer_rule]:
"(rel_fun (rel_fun (=) pcr_ennreal) (=)) sup_continuous sup_continuous"
proof (safe intro!: rel_funI dest!: rel_fun_eq_pcr_ennreal[THEN iffD1])
show "sup_continuous (enn2ereal ∘ f) ⟹ sup_continuous f" for f :: "'a ⇒ _"
using sup_continuous_e2ennreal[of "enn2ereal ∘ f"] by simp
show "sup_continuous f ⟹ sup_continuous (enn2ereal ∘ f)" for f :: "'a ⇒ _"
using sup_continuous_enn2ereal[of f] by (simp add: comp_def)
qed
lemma continuous_on_ennreal[tendsto_intros]:
"continuous_on A f ⟹ continuous_on A (λx. ennreal (f x))"
by transfer (auto intro!: continuous_on_max continuous_on_const continuous_on_ereal)
lemma tendsto_ennrealD:
assumes lim: "((λx. ennreal (f x)) ⤏ ennreal x) F"
assumes *: "∀⇩F x in F. 0 ≤ f x" and x: "0 ≤ x"
shows "(f ⤏ x) F"
proof -
have "((λx. enn2ereal (ennreal (f x))) ⤏ enn2ereal (ennreal x)) F
⟷ (f ⤏ enn2ereal (ennreal x)) F"
using "*" eventually_mono
by (intro tendsto_cong) fastforce
then show ?thesis
using assms(1) continuous_at_enn2ereal isCont_tendsto_compose x by fastforce
qed
lemma tendsto_ennreal_iff [simp]:
‹((λx. ennreal (f x)) ⤏ ennreal x) F ⟷ (f ⤏ x) F› (is ‹?P ⟷ ?Q›)
if ‹∀⇩F x in F. 0 ≤ f x› ‹0 ≤ x›
proof
assume ‹?P›
then show ‹?Q›
using that by (rule tendsto_ennrealD)
next
assume ‹?Q›
have ‹continuous_on UNIV ereal›
using continuous_on_ereal [of _ id] by simp
then have ‹continuous_on UNIV (e2ennreal ∘ ereal)›
by (rule continuous_on_compose) (simp_all add: continuous_on_e2ennreal)
then have ‹((λx. (e2ennreal ∘ ereal) (f x)) ⤏ (e2ennreal ∘ ereal) x) F›
using ‹?Q› by (rule continuous_on_tendsto_compose) simp_all
then show ‹?P›
by (simp flip: e2ennreal_ereal)
qed
lemma tendsto_enn2ereal_iff[simp]: "((λi. enn2ereal (f i)) ⤏ enn2ereal x) F ⟷ (f ⤏ x) F"
using continuous_on_enn2ereal[THEN continuous_on_tendsto_compose, of f x F]
continuous_on_e2ennreal[THEN continuous_on_tendsto_compose, of "λx. enn2ereal (f x)" "enn2ereal x" F UNIV]
by auto
lemma ennreal_tendsto_0_iff: "(⋀n. f n ≥ 0) ⟹ ((λn. ennreal (f n)) ⇢ 0) ⟷ (f ⇢ 0)"
by (metis (mono_tags) ennreal_0 eventuallyI order_refl tendsto_ennreal_iff)
lemma continuous_on_add_ennreal:
fixes f g :: "'a::topological_space ⇒ ennreal"
shows "continuous_on A f ⟹ continuous_on A g ⟹ continuous_on A (λx. f x + g x)"
by (transfer fixing: A) (auto intro!: tendsto_add_ereal_nonneg simp: continuous_on_def)
lemma continuous_on_inverse_ennreal[continuous_intros]:
fixes f :: "'a::topological_space ⇒ ennreal"
shows "continuous_on A f ⟹ continuous_on A (λx. inverse (f x))"
proof (transfer fixing: A)
show "pred_fun top ((≤) 0) f ⟹ continuous_on A (λx. inverse (f x))" if "continuous_on A f"
for f :: "'a ⇒ ereal"
using continuous_on_compose2[OF continuous_on_inverse_ereal that] by (auto simp: subset_eq)
qed
instance ennreal :: topological_comm_monoid_add
proof
show "((λx. fst x + snd x) ⤏ a + b) (nhds a ×⇩F nhds b)" for a b :: ennreal
using continuous_on_add_ennreal[of UNIV fst snd]
using tendsto_at_iff_tendsto_nhds[symmetric, of "λx::(ennreal × ennreal). fst x + snd x"]
by (auto simp: continuous_on_eq_continuous_at)
(simp add: isCont_def nhds_prod[symmetric])
qed
lemma sup_continuous_add_ennreal[order_continuous_intros]:
fixes f g :: "'a::complete_lattice ⇒ ennreal"
shows "sup_continuous f ⟹ sup_continuous g ⟹ sup_continuous (λx. f x + g x)"
by transfer (auto intro!: sup_continuous_add)
lemma ennreal_suminf_lessD: "(∑i. f i :: ennreal) < x ⟹ f i < x"
using le_less_trans[OF sum_le_suminf[OF summableI, of "{i}" f]] by simp
lemma sums_ennreal[simp]: "(⋀i. 0 ≤ f i) ⟹ 0 ≤ x ⟹ (λi. ennreal (f i)) sums ennreal x ⟷ f sums x"
unfolding sums_def by (simp add: always_eventually sum_nonneg)
lemma summable_suminf_not_top: "(⋀i. 0 ≤ f i) ⟹ (∑i. ennreal (f i)) ≠ top ⟹ summable f"
using summable_sums[OF summableI, of "λi. ennreal (f i)"]
by (cases "∑i. ennreal (f i)" rule: ennreal_cases)
(auto simp: summable_def)
lemma suminf_ennreal[simp]:
"(⋀i. 0 ≤ f i) ⟹ (∑i. ennreal (f i)) ≠ top ⟹ (∑i. ennreal (f i)) = ennreal (∑i. f i)"
by (rule sums_unique[symmetric]) (simp add: summable_suminf_not_top suminf_nonneg summable_sums)
lemma sums_enn2ereal[simp]: "(λi. enn2ereal (f i)) sums enn2ereal x ⟷ f sums x"
unfolding sums_def by (simp add: always_eventually sum_nonneg)
lemma suminf_enn2ereal[simp]: "(∑i. enn2ereal (f i)) = enn2ereal (suminf f)"
by (rule sums_unique[symmetric]) (simp add: summable_sums)
lemma transfer_e2ennreal_suminf [transfer_rule]: "rel_fun (rel_fun (=) pcr_ennreal) pcr_ennreal suminf suminf"
by (auto simp: rel_funI rel_fun_eq_pcr_ennreal comp_def)
lemma ennreal_suminf_cmult[simp]: "(∑i. r * f i) = r * (∑i. f i::ennreal)"
by transfer (auto intro!: suminf_cmult_ereal)
lemma ennreal_suminf_multc[simp]: "(∑i. f i * r) = (∑i. f i::ennreal) * r"
using ennreal_suminf_cmult[of r f] by (simp add: ac_simps)
lemma ennreal_suminf_divide[simp]: "(∑i. f i / r) = (∑i. f i::ennreal) / r"
by (simp add: divide_ennreal_def)
lemma ennreal_suminf_neq_top: "summable f ⟹ (⋀i. 0 ≤ f i) ⟹ (∑i. ennreal (f i)) ≠ top"
using sums_ennreal[of f "suminf f"]
by (simp add: suminf_nonneg flip: sums_unique summable_sums_iff del: sums_ennreal)
lemma suminf_ennreal_eq:
"(⋀i. 0 ≤ f i) ⟹ f sums x ⟹ (∑i. ennreal (f i)) = ennreal x"
using suminf_nonneg[of f] sums_unique[of f x]
by (intro sums_unique[symmetric]) (auto simp: summable_sums_iff)
lemma ennreal_suminf_bound_add:
fixes f :: "nat ⇒ ennreal"
shows "(⋀N. (∑n<N. f n) + y ≤ x) ⟹ suminf f + y ≤ x"
by transfer (auto intro!: suminf_bound_add)
lemma ennreal_suminf_SUP_eq_directed:
fixes f :: "'a ⇒ nat ⇒ ennreal"
assumes *: "⋀N i j. i ∈ I ⟹ j ∈ I ⟹ finite N ⟹ ∃k∈I. ∀n∈N. f i n ≤ f k n ∧ f j n ≤ f k n"
shows "(∑n. SUP i∈I. f i n) = (SUP i∈I. ∑n. f i n)"
proof cases
assume "I ≠ {}"
then obtain i where "i ∈ I" by auto
from * show ?thesis
by (transfer fixing: I)
(auto simp: max_absorb2 SUP_upper2[OF ‹i ∈ I›] suminf_nonneg summable_ereal_pos ‹I ≠ {}›
intro!: suminf_SUP_eq_directed)
qed (simp add: bot_ennreal)
lemma INF_ennreal_add_const:
fixes f g :: "nat ⇒ ennreal"
shows "(INF i. f i + c) = (INF i. f i) + c"
using continuous_at_Inf_mono[of "λx. x + c" "f`UNIV"]
using continuous_add[of "at_right (Inf (range f))", of "λx. x" "λx. c"]
by (auto simp: mono_def image_comp)
lemma INF_ennreal_const_add:
fixes f g :: "nat ⇒ ennreal"
shows "(INF i. c + f i) = c + (INF i. f i)"
using INF_ennreal_add_const[of f c] by (simp add: ac_simps)
lemma SUP_mult_left_ennreal: "c * (SUP i∈I. f i) = (SUP i∈I. c * f i ::ennreal)"
proof cases
assume "I ≠ {}" then show ?thesis
by transfer (auto simp add: SUP_ereal_mult_left max_absorb2 SUP_upper2)
qed (simp add: bot_ennreal)
lemma SUP_mult_right_ennreal: "(SUP i∈I. f i) * c = (SUP i∈I. f i * c ::ennreal)"
using SUP_mult_left_ennreal by (simp add: mult.commute)
lemma SUP_divide_ennreal: "(SUP i∈I. f i) / c = (SUP i∈I. f i / c ::ennreal)"
using SUP_mult_right_ennreal by (simp add: divide_ennreal_def)
lemma ennreal_SUP_of_nat_eq_top: "(SUP x. of_nat x :: ennreal) = top"
proof (intro antisym top_greatest le_SUP_iff[THEN iffD2] allI impI)
fix y :: ennreal assume "y < top"
then obtain r where "y = ennreal r"
by (cases y rule: ennreal_cases) auto
then show "∃i∈UNIV. y < of_nat i"
using reals_Archimedean2[of "max 1 r"] zero_less_one
by (simp add: ennreal_Ex_less_of_nat)
qed
lemma ennreal_SUP_eq_top:
fixes f :: "'a ⇒ ennreal"
assumes "⋀n. ∃i∈I. of_nat n ≤ f i"
shows "(SUP i ∈ I. f i) = top"
proof -
have "(SUP x. of_nat x :: ennreal) ≤ (SUP i ∈ I. f i)"
using assms by (auto intro!: SUP_least intro: SUP_upper2)
then show ?thesis
by (auto simp: ennreal_SUP_of_nat_eq_top top_unique)
qed
lemma ennreal_INF_const_minus:
fixes f :: "'a ⇒ ennreal"
shows "I ≠ {} ⟹ (SUP x∈I. c - f x) = c - (INF x∈I. f x)"
by (transfer fixing: I)
(simp add: sup_max[symmetric] SUP_sup_const1 SUP_ereal_minus_right del: sup_ereal_def)
lemma of_nat_Sup_ennreal:
assumes "A ≠ {}" "bdd_above A"
shows "of_nat (Sup A) = (SUP a∈A. of_nat a :: ennreal)"
proof (intro antisym)
show "(SUP a∈A. of_nat a::ennreal) ≤ of_nat (Sup A)"
by (intro SUP_least of_nat_mono) (auto intro: cSup_upper assms)
have "Sup A ∈ A"
using assms by (auto simp: Sup_nat_def bdd_above_nat)
then show "of_nat (Sup A) ≤ (SUP a∈A. of_nat a::ennreal)"
by (intro SUP_upper)
qed
lemma ennreal_tendsto_const_minus:
fixes g :: "'a ⇒ ennreal"
assumes ae: "∀⇩F x in F. g x ≤ c"
assumes g: "((λx. c - g x) ⤏ 0) F"
shows "(g ⤏ c) F"
proof (cases c rule: ennreal_cases)
case top with tendsto_unique[OF _ g, of "top"] show ?thesis
by (cases "F = bot") auto
next
case (real r)
then have "∀x. ∃q≥0. g x ≤ c ⟶ (g x = ennreal q ∧ q ≤ r)"
by (auto simp: le_ennreal_iff)
then obtain f where *: "0 ≤ f x" "g x = ennreal (f x)" "f x ≤ r" if "g x ≤ c" for x
by metis
from ae have ae2: "∀⇩F x in F. c - g x = ennreal (r - f x) ∧ f x ≤ r ∧ g x = ennreal (f x) ∧ 0 ≤ f x"
proof eventually_elim
fix x assume "g x ≤ c" with *[of x] ‹0 ≤ r› show "c - g x = ennreal (r - f x) ∧ f x ≤ r ∧ g x = ennreal (f x) ∧ 0 ≤ f x"
by (auto simp: real ennreal_minus)
qed
with g have "((λx. ennreal (r - f x)) ⤏ ennreal 0) F"
by (auto simp add: tendsto_cong eventually_conj_iff)
with ae2 have "((λx. r - f x) ⤏ 0) F"
by (subst (asm) tendsto_ennreal_iff) (auto elim: eventually_mono)
then have "(f ⤏ r) F"
by (rule Lim_transform2[OF tendsto_const])
with ae2 have "((λx. ennreal (f x)) ⤏ ennreal r) F"
by (subst tendsto_ennreal_iff) (auto elim: eventually_mono simp: real)
with ae2 show ?thesis
by (auto simp: real tendsto_cong eventually_conj_iff)
qed
lemma ennreal_SUP_add:
fixes f g :: "nat ⇒ ennreal"
shows "incseq f ⟹ incseq g ⟹ (SUP i. f i + g i) = Sup (f ` UNIV) + Sup (g ` UNIV)"
unfolding incseq_def le_fun_def
by transfer
(simp add: SUP_ereal_add incseq_def le_fun_def max_absorb2 SUP_upper2)
lemma ennreal_SUP_sum:
fixes f :: "'a ⇒ nat ⇒ ennreal"
shows "(⋀i. i ∈ I ⟹ incseq (f i)) ⟹ (SUP n. ∑i∈I. f i n) = (∑i∈I. SUP n. f i n)"
unfolding incseq_def
by transfer
(simp add: SUP_ereal_sum incseq_def SUP_upper2 max_absorb2 sum_nonneg)
lemma ennreal_liminf_minus:
fixes f :: "nat ⇒ ennreal"
shows "(⋀n. f n ≤ c) ⟹ liminf (λn. c - f n) = c - limsup f"
apply transfer
apply (simp add: ereal_diff_positive liminf_ereal_cminus)
by (metis max.absorb2 ereal_diff_positive Limsup_bounded eventually_sequentiallyI)
lemma ennreal_continuous_on_cmult:
"(c::ennreal) < top ⟹ continuous_on A f ⟹ continuous_on A (λx. c * f x)"
by (transfer fixing: A) (auto intro: continuous_on_cmult_ereal)
lemma ennreal_tendsto_cmult:
"(c::ennreal) < top ⟹ (f ⤏ x) F ⟹ ((λx. c * f x) ⤏ c * x) F"
by (rule continuous_on_tendsto_compose[where g=f, OF ennreal_continuous_on_cmult, where s=UNIV])
(auto simp: continuous_on_id)
lemma tendsto_ennrealI[intro, simp, tendsto_intros]:
"(f ⤏ x) F ⟹ ((λx. ennreal (f x)) ⤏ ennreal x) F"
by (auto simp: ennreal_def
intro!: continuous_on_tendsto_compose[OF continuous_on_e2ennreal[of UNIV]] tendsto_max)
lemma tendsto_enn2erealI [tendsto_intros]:
assumes "(f ⤏ l) F"
shows "((λi. enn2ereal(f i)) ⤏ enn2ereal l) F"
using tendsto_enn2ereal_iff assms by auto
lemma tendsto_e2ennrealI [tendsto_intros]:
assumes "(f ⤏ l) F"
shows "((λi. e2ennreal(f i)) ⤏ e2ennreal l) F"
proof -
have *: "e2ennreal (max x 0) = e2ennreal x" for x
by (simp add: e2ennreal_def max.commute)
have "((λi. max (f i) 0) ⤏ max l 0) F"
using assms by (intro tendsto_intros) auto
then have "((λi. enn2ereal(e2ennreal (max (f i) 0))) ⤏ enn2ereal (e2ennreal (max l 0))) F"
by (subst enn2ereal_e2ennreal, auto)+
then have "((λi. e2ennreal (max (f i) 0)) ⤏ e2ennreal (max l 0)) F"
using tendsto_enn2ereal_iff by auto
then show ?thesis
unfolding * by auto
qed
lemma ennreal_suminf_minus:
fixes f g :: "nat ⇒ ennreal"
shows "(⋀i. g i ≤ f i) ⟹ suminf f ≠ top ⟹ suminf g ≠ top ⟹ (∑i. f i - g i) = suminf f - suminf g"
by transfer
(auto simp add: max.absorb2 ereal_diff_positive suminf_le_pos top_ereal_def intro!: suminf_ereal_minus)
lemma ennreal_Sup_countable_SUP:
"A ≠ {} ⟹ ∃f::nat ⇒ ennreal. incseq f ∧ range f ⊆ A ∧ Sup A = (SUP i. f i)"
unfolding incseq_def
apply transfer
subgoal for A
using Sup_countable_SUP[of A]
by (force simp add: incseq_def[symmetric] SUP_upper2 image_subset_iff Sup_upper2 cong: conj_cong)
done
lemma ennreal_Inf_countable_INF:
"A ≠ {} ⟹ ∃f::nat ⇒ ennreal. decseq f ∧ range f ⊆ A ∧ Inf A = (INF i. f i)"
unfolding decseq_def
apply transfer
subgoal for A
using Inf_countable_INF[of A] by (simp flip: decseq_def) blast
done
lemma ennreal_SUP_countable_SUP:
"A ≠ {} ⟹ ∃f::nat ⇒ ennreal. range f ⊆ g`A ∧ Sup (g ` A) = Sup (f ` UNIV)"
using ennreal_Sup_countable_SUP [of "g`A"] by auto
lemma of_nat_tendsto_top_ennreal: "(λn::nat. of_nat n :: ennreal) ⇢ top"
using LIMSEQ_SUP[of "of_nat :: nat ⇒ ennreal"]
by (simp add: ennreal_SUP_of_nat_eq_top incseq_def)
lemma SUP_sup_continuous_ennreal:
fixes f :: "ennreal ⇒ 'a::complete_lattice"
assumes f: "sup_continuous f" and "I ≠ {}"
shows "(SUP i∈I. f (g i)) = f (SUP i∈I. g i)"
proof (rule antisym)
show "(SUP i∈I. f (g i)) ≤ f (SUP i∈I. g i)"
by (rule mono_SUP[OF sup_continuous_mono[OF f]])
from ennreal_Sup_countable_SUP[of "g`I"] ‹I ≠ {}›
obtain M :: "nat ⇒ ennreal" where "incseq M" and M: "range M ⊆ g ` I" and eq: "(SUP i ∈ I. g i) = (SUP i. M i)"
by auto
have "f (SUP i ∈ I. g i) = (SUP i ∈ range M. f i)"
unfolding eq sup_continuousD[OF f ‹mono M›] by (simp add: image_comp)
also have "… ≤ (SUP i ∈ I. f (g i))"
by (insert M, drule SUP_subset_mono) (auto simp add: image_comp)
finally show "f (SUP i ∈ I. g i) ≤ (SUP i ∈ I. f (g i))" .
qed
lemma ennreal_suminf_SUP_eq:
fixes f :: "nat ⇒ nat ⇒ ennreal"
shows "(⋀i. incseq (λn. f n i)) ⟹ (∑i. SUP n. f n i) = (SUP n. ∑i. f n i)"
by (metis ennreal_suminf_SUP_eq_directed incseqD nat_le_linear)
lemma ennreal_SUP_add_left:
fixes c :: ennreal
shows "I ≠ {} ⟹ (SUP i∈I. f i + c) = (SUP i∈I. f i) + c"
apply transfer
apply (simp add: SUP_ereal_add_left)
by (metis SUP_upper all_not_in_conv ereal_le_add_mono1 max.absorb2 max.bounded_iff)
lemma ennreal_SUP_const_minus:
fixes f :: "'a ⇒ ennreal"
shows "I ≠ {} ⟹ c < top ⟹ (INF x∈I. c - f x) = c - (SUP x∈I. f x)"
apply (transfer fixing: I)
unfolding ex_in_conv[symmetric]
apply (auto simp add: SUP_upper2 sup_absorb2 simp flip: sup_ereal_def)
apply (subst INF_ereal_minus_right[symmetric])
apply (auto simp del: sup_ereal_def simp add: sup_INF)
done
lemma isCont_ennreal[simp]: ‹isCont ennreal x›
apply (auto intro!: sequentially_imp_eventually_within simp: continuous_within tendsto_def)
by (metis tendsto_def tendsto_ennrealI)
lemma isCont_ennreal_of_enat[simp]: ‹isCont ennreal_of_enat x›
proof -
have continuous_at_open:
"continuous (at x) f ⟷ (∀t. open t ∧ f x ∈ t --> (∃s. open s ∧ x ∈ s ∧ (∀x' ∈ s. (f x') ∈ t)))" for f :: ‹enat ⇒ 'z::topological_space›
unfolding continuous_within_topological [of x UNIV f]
unfolding imp_conjL
by (intro all_cong imp_cong ex_cong conj_cong refl) auto
show ?thesis
proof (subst continuous_at_open, intro allI impI, cases ‹x = ∞›)
case True
fix t assume ‹open t ∧ ennreal_of_enat x ∈ t›
then have ‹∃y<∞. {y <.. ∞} ⊆ t›
by (rule_tac open_left[where y=0]) (auto simp: True)
then obtain y where ‹{y<..} ⊆ t› and ‹y ≠ ∞›
by fastforce
from ‹y ≠ ∞›
obtain x' where x'y: ‹ennreal_of_enat x' > y› and ‹x' ≠ ∞›
by (metis enat.simps(3) ennreal_Ex_less_of_nat ennreal_of_enat_enat infinity_ennreal_def top.not_eq_extremum)
define s where ‹s = {x'<..}›
have ‹open s›
by (simp add: s_def)
moreover have ‹x ∈ s›
by (simp add: ‹x' ≠ ∞› s_def True)
moreover have ‹ennreal_of_enat z ∈ t› if ‹z ∈ s› for z
by (metis x'y ‹{y<..} ⊆ t› ennreal_of_enat_le_iff greaterThan_iff le_less_trans less_imp_le not_less s_def subsetD that)
ultimately show ‹∃s. open s ∧ x ∈ s ∧ (∀z∈s. ennreal_of_enat z ∈ t)›
by auto
next
case False
fix t assume asm: ‹open t ∧ ennreal_of_enat x ∈ t›
define s where ‹s = {x}›
have ‹open s›
using False open_enat_iff s_def by blast
moreover have ‹x ∈ s›
using s_def by auto
moreover have ‹ennreal_of_enat z ∈ t› if ‹z ∈ s› for z
using asm s_def that by blast
ultimately show ‹∃s. open s ∧ x ∈ s ∧ (∀z∈s. ennreal_of_enat z ∈ t)›
by auto
qed
qed
subsection ‹Approximation lemmas›
lemma INF_approx_ennreal:
fixes x::ennreal and e::real
assumes "e > 0"
assumes INF: "x = (INF i ∈ A. f i)"
assumes "x ≠ ∞"
shows "∃i ∈ A. f i < x + e"
proof -
have "(INF i ∈ A. f i) < x + e"
unfolding INF[symmetric] using ‹0<e› ‹x ≠ ∞› by (cases x) auto
then show ?thesis
unfolding INF_less_iff .
qed
lemma SUP_approx_ennreal:
fixes x::ennreal and e::real
assumes "e > 0" "A ≠ {}"
assumes SUP: "x = (SUP i ∈ A. f i)"
assumes "x ≠ ∞"
shows "∃i ∈ A. x < f i + e"
proof -
have "x < x + e"
using ‹0<e› ‹x ≠ ∞› by (cases x) auto
also have "x + e = (SUP i ∈ A. f i + e)"
unfolding SUP ennreal_SUP_add_left[OF ‹A ≠ {}›] ..
finally show ?thesis
unfolding less_SUP_iff .
qed
lemma ennreal_approx_SUP:
fixes x::ennreal
assumes f_bound: "⋀i. i ∈ A ⟹ f i ≤ x"
assumes approx: "⋀e. (e::real) > 0 ⟹ ∃i ∈ A. x ≤ f i + e"
shows "x = (SUP i ∈ A. f i)"
proof (rule antisym)
show "x ≤ (SUP i∈A. f i)"
proof (rule ennreal_le_epsilon)
fix e :: real assume "0 < e"
from approx[OF this] obtain i where "i ∈ A" and *: "x ≤ f i + ennreal e"
by blast
from * have "x ≤ f i + e"
by simp
also have "… ≤ (SUP i∈A. f i) + e"
by (intro add_mono ‹i ∈ A› SUP_upper order_refl)
finally show "x ≤ (SUP i∈A. f i) + e" .
qed
qed (intro SUP_least f_bound)
lemma ennreal_approx_INF:
fixes x::ennreal
assumes f_bound: "⋀i. i ∈ A ⟹ x ≤ f i"
assumes approx: "⋀e. (e::real) > 0 ⟹ ∃i ∈ A. f i ≤ x + e"
shows "x = (INF i ∈ A. f i)"
proof (rule antisym)
show "(INF i∈A. f i) ≤ x"
proof (rule ennreal_le_epsilon)
fix e :: real assume "0 < e"
from approx[OF this] obtain i where "i∈A" "f i ≤ x + ennreal e"
by blast
then have "(INF i∈A. f i) ≤ f i"
by (intro INF_lower)
also have "… ≤ x + e"
by fact
finally show "(INF i∈A. f i) ≤ x + e" .
qed
qed (intro INF_greatest f_bound)
lemma ennreal_approx_unit:
"(⋀a::ennreal. 0 < a ⟹ a < 1 ⟹ a * z ≤ y) ⟹ z ≤ y"
apply (subst SUP_mult_right_ennreal[of "λx. x" "{0 <..< 1}" z, simplified])
apply (auto intro: SUP_least)
done
lemma suminf_ennreal2:
"(⋀i. 0 ≤ f i) ⟹ summable f ⟹ (∑i. ennreal (f i)) = ennreal (∑i. f i)"
using suminf_ennreal_eq by blast
lemma less_top_ennreal: "x < top ⟷ (∃r≥0. x = ennreal r)"
by (cases x) auto
lemma enn2real_less_iff[simp]: "x < top ⟹ enn2real x < c ⟷ x < c"
using ennreal_less_iff less_top_ennreal by auto
lemma enn2real_le_iff[simp]: "⟦x < top; c > 0⟧ ⟹ enn2real x ≤ c ⟷ x ≤ c"
by (cases x) auto
lemma enn2real_less:
assumes "enn2real e < r" "e ≠ top" shows "e < ennreal r"
using enn2real_less_iff assms top.not_eq_extremum by blast
lemma enn2real_le:
assumes "enn2real e ≤ r" "e ≠ top" shows "e ≤ ennreal r"
by (metis assms enn2real_less ennreal_enn2real_if eq_iff less_le)
lemma tendsto_top_iff_ennreal:
fixes f :: "'a ⇒ ennreal"
shows "(f ⤏ top) F ⟷ (∀l≥0. eventually (λx. ennreal l < f x) F)"
by (auto simp: less_top_ennreal order_tendsto_iff )
lemma ennreal_tendsto_top_eq_at_top:
"((λz. ennreal (f z)) ⤏ top) F ⟷ (LIM z F. f z :> at_top)"
unfolding filterlim_at_top_dense tendsto_top_iff_ennreal
using ennreal_less_iff eventually_mono
apply (auto simp: ennreal_less_iff)
subgoal for y
by (auto elim!: eventually_mono allE[of _ "max 0 y"])
done
lemma tendsto_0_if_Limsup_eq_0_ennreal:
fixes f :: "_ ⇒ ennreal"
shows "Limsup F f = 0 ⟹ (f ⤏ 0) F"
using Liminf_le_Limsup[of F f] tendsto_iff_Liminf_eq_Limsup[of F f 0]
by (cases "F = bot") auto
lemma diff_le_self_ennreal[simp]: "a - b ≤ (a::ennreal)"
by (cases a b rule: ennreal2_cases) (auto simp: ennreal_minus)
lemma ennreal_ineq_diff_add: "b ≤ a ⟹ a = b + (a - b::ennreal)"
by transfer (auto simp: ereal_diff_positive max.absorb2 ereal_ineq_diff_add)
lemma ennreal_mult_strict_left_mono: "(a::ennreal) < c ⟹ 0 < b ⟹ b < top ⟹ b * a < b * c"
by transfer (auto intro!: ereal_mult_strict_left_mono)
lemma ennreal_between: "0 < e ⟹ 0 < x ⟹ x < top ⟹ x - e < (x::ennreal)"
by transfer (auto intro!: ereal_between)
lemma minus_less_iff_ennreal: "b < top ⟹ b ≤ a ⟹ a - b < c ⟷ a < c + (b::ennreal)"
by transfer
(auto simp: top_ereal_def ereal_minus_less le_less)
lemma tendsto_zero_ennreal:
assumes ev: "⋀r. 0 < r ⟹ ∀⇩F x in F. f x < ennreal r"
shows "(f ⤏ 0) F"
proof (rule order_tendstoI)
fix e::ennreal assume "e > 0"
obtain e'::real where "e' > 0" "ennreal e' < e"
using ‹0 < e› dense[of 0 "if e = top then 1 else (enn2real e)"]
by (cases e) (auto simp: ennreal_less_iff)
from ev[OF ‹e' > 0›] show "∀⇩F x in F. f x < e"
by eventually_elim (insert ‹ennreal e' < e›, auto)
qed simp
lifting_update ennreal.lifting
lifting_forget ennreal.lifting
subsection ‹\<^typ>‹ennreal› theorems›
lemma neq_top_trans: fixes x y :: ennreal shows "⟦ y ≠ top; x ≤ y ⟧ ⟹ x ≠ top"
by (auto simp: top_unique)
lemma diff_diff_ennreal: fixes a b :: ennreal shows "a ≤ b ⟹ b ≠ ∞ ⟹ b - (b - a) = a"
by (cases a b rule: ennreal2_cases) (auto simp: ennreal_minus top_unique)
lemma ennreal_less_one_iff[simp]: "ennreal x < 1 ⟷ x < 1"
by (cases "0 ≤ x") (auto simp: ennreal_neg ennreal_less_iff simp flip: ennreal_1)
lemma SUP_const_minus_ennreal:
fixes f :: "'a ⇒ ennreal" shows "I ≠ {} ⟹ (SUP x∈I. c - f x) = c - (INF x∈I. f x)"
including ennreal.lifting
by (transfer fixing: I)
(simp add: SUP_sup_distrib[symmetric] SUP_ereal_minus_right
flip: sup_ereal_def)
lemma zero_minus_ennreal[simp]: "0 - (a::ennreal) = 0"
including ennreal.lifting
by transfer (simp split: split_max)
lemma diff_diff_commute_ennreal:
fixes a b c :: ennreal shows "a - b - c = a - c - b"
by (cases a b c rule: ennreal3_cases) (simp_all add: ennreal_minus field_simps)
lemma diff_gr0_ennreal: "b < (a::ennreal) ⟹ 0 < a - b"
including ennreal.lifting by transfer (auto simp: ereal_diff_gr0 ereal_diff_positive split: split_max)
lemma divide_le_posI_ennreal:
fixes x y z :: ennreal
shows "x > 0 ⟹ z ≤ x * y ⟹ z / x ≤ y"
by (cases x y z rule: ennreal3_cases)
(auto simp: divide_ennreal ennreal_mult[symmetric] field_simps top_unique)
lemma add_diff_eq_ennreal:
fixes x y z :: ennreal
shows "z ≤ y ⟹ x + (y - z) = x + y - z"
using ennreal_diff_add_assoc by auto
lemma add_diff_inverse_ennreal:
fixes x y :: ennreal shows "x ≤ y ⟹ x + (y - x) = y"
by (cases x) (simp_all add: top_unique add_diff_eq_ennreal)
lemma add_diff_eq_iff_ennreal[simp]:
fixes x y :: ennreal shows "x + (y - x) = y ⟷ x ≤ y"
proof
assume *: "x + (y - x) = y" show "x ≤ y"
by (subst *[symmetric]) simp
qed (simp add: add_diff_inverse_ennreal)
lemma add_diff_le_ennreal: "a + b - c ≤ a + (b - c::ennreal)"
apply (cases a b c rule: ennreal3_cases)
subgoal for a' b' c'
by (cases "0 ≤ b' - c'") (simp_all add: ennreal_minus top_add ennreal_neg flip: ennreal_plus)
apply (simp_all add: top_add flip: ennreal_plus)
done
lemma diff_eq_0_ennreal: "a < top ⟹ a ≤ b ⟹ a - b = (0::ennreal)"
using ennreal_minus_pos_iff gr_zeroI not_less by blast
lemma diff_diff_ennreal': fixes x y z :: ennreal shows "z ≤ y ⟹ y - z ≤ x ⟹ x - (y - z) = x + z - y"
by (cases x; cases y; cases z)
(auto simp add: top_add add_top minus_top_ennreal ennreal_minus top_unique
simp flip: ennreal_plus)
lemma diff_diff_ennreal'': fixes x y z :: ennreal
shows "z ≤ y ⟹ x - (y - z) = (if y - z ≤ x then x + z - y else 0)"
by (cases x; cases y; cases z)
(auto simp add: top_add add_top minus_top_ennreal ennreal_minus top_unique ennreal_neg
simp flip: ennreal_plus)
lemma power_less_top_ennreal: fixes x :: ennreal shows "x ^ n < top ⟷ x < top ∨ n = 0"
using power_eq_top_ennreal[of x n] by (auto simp: less_top)
lemma ennreal_divide_times: "(a / b) * c = a * (c / b :: ennreal)"
by (simp add: mult.commute ennreal_times_divide)
lemma diff_less_top_ennreal: "a - b < top ⟷ a < (top :: ennreal)"
by (cases a; cases b) (auto simp: ennreal_minus)
lemma divide_less_ennreal: "b ≠ 0 ⟹ b < top ⟹ a / b < c ⟷ a < (c * b :: ennreal)"
by (cases a; cases b; cases c)
(auto simp: divide_ennreal ennreal_mult[symmetric] ennreal_less_iff field_simps ennreal_top_mult ennreal_top_divide)
lemma one_less_numeral[simp]: "1 < (numeral n::ennreal) ⟷ (num.One < n)"
by (simp flip: ennreal_1 ennreal_numeral add: ennreal_less_iff)
lemma divide_eq_1_ennreal: "a / b = (1::ennreal) ⟷ (b ≠ top ∧ b ≠ 0 ∧ b = a)"
by (cases a ; cases b; cases "b = 0") (auto simp: ennreal_top_divide divide_ennreal split: if_split_asm)
lemma ennreal_mult_cancel_left: "(a * b = a * c) = (a = top ∧ b ≠ 0 ∧ c ≠ 0 ∨ a = 0 ∨ b = (c::ennreal))"
by (cases a; cases b; cases c) (auto simp: ennreal_mult[symmetric] ennreal_mult_top ennreal_top_mult)
lemma ennreal_minus_if: "ennreal a - ennreal b = ennreal (if 0 ≤ b then (if b ≤ a then a - b else 0) else a)"
by (auto simp: ennreal_minus ennreal_neg)
lemma ennreal_plus_if: "ennreal a + ennreal b = ennreal (if 0 ≤ a then (if 0 ≤ b then a + b else a) else b)"
by (auto simp: ennreal_neg)
lemma ennreal_diff_le_mono_left: "a ≤ b ⟹ a - c ≤ (b::ennreal)"
using ennreal_mono_minus[of 0 c a, THEN order_trans, of b] by simp
lemma ennreal_minus_le_iff: "a - b ≤ c ⟷ (a ≤ b + (c::ennreal) ∧ (a = top ∧ b = top ⟶ c = top))"
by (cases a; cases b; cases c)
(auto simp: top_unique top_add add_top ennreal_minus simp flip: ennreal_plus)
lemma ennreal_le_minus_iff: "a ≤ b - c ⟷ (a + c ≤ (b::ennreal) ∨ (a = 0 ∧ b ≤ c))"
by (cases a; cases b; cases c)
(auto simp: top_unique top_add add_top ennreal_minus ennreal_le_iff2
simp flip: ennreal_plus)
lemma diff_add_eq_diff_diff_swap_ennreal: "x - (y + z :: ennreal) = x - y - z"
by (cases x; cases y; cases z)
(auto simp: ennreal_minus_if add_top top_add simp flip: ennreal_plus)
lemma diff_add_assoc2_ennreal: "b ≤ a ⟹ (a - b + c::ennreal) = a + c - b"
by (cases a; cases b; cases c)
(auto simp add: ennreal_minus_if ennreal_plus_if add_top top_add top_unique simp del: ennreal_plus)
lemma diff_gt_0_iff_gt_ennreal: "0 < a - b ⟷ (a = top ∧ b = top ∨ b < (a::ennreal))"
by (cases a; cases b) (auto simp: ennreal_minus_if ennreal_less_iff)
lemma diff_eq_0_iff_ennreal: "(a - b::ennreal) = 0 ⟷ (a < top ∧ a ≤ b)"
by (cases a) (auto simp: ennreal_minus_eq_0 diff_eq_0_ennreal)
lemma add_diff_self_ennreal: "a + (b - a::ennreal) = (if a ≤ b then b else a)"
by (auto simp: diff_eq_0_iff_ennreal less_top)
lemma diff_add_self_ennreal: "(b - a + a::ennreal) = (if a ≤ b then b else a)"
by (auto simp: diff_add_cancel_ennreal diff_eq_0_iff_ennreal less_top)
lemma ennreal_minus_cancel_iff:
fixes a b c :: ennreal
shows "a - b = a - c ⟷ (b = c ∨ (a ≤ b ∧ a ≤ c) ∨ a = top)"
by (cases a; cases b; cases c) (auto simp: ennreal_minus_if)
text ‹The next lemma is wrong for $a = top$, for $b = c = 1$ for instance.›
lemma ennreal_right_diff_distrib:
fixes a b c :: ennreal
assumes "a ≠ top"
shows "a * (b - c) = a * b - a * c"
apply (cases a; cases b; cases c)
apply (use assms in ‹auto simp add: ennreal_mult_top ennreal_minus ennreal_mult' [symmetric]›)
apply (simp add: algebra_simps)
done
lemma SUP_diff_ennreal:
"c < top ⟹ (SUP i∈I. f i - c :: ennreal) = (SUP i∈I. f i) - c"
by (auto intro!: SUP_eqI ennreal_minus_mono SUP_least intro: SUP_upper
simp: ennreal_minus_cancel_iff ennreal_minus_le_iff less_top[symmetric])
lemma ennreal_SUP_add_right:
fixes c :: ennreal shows "I ≠ {} ⟹ c + (SUP i∈I. f i) = (SUP i∈I. c + f i)"
using ennreal_SUP_add_left[of I f c] by (simp add: add.commute)
lemma SUP_add_directed_ennreal:
fixes f g :: "_ ⇒ ennreal"
assumes directed: "⋀i j. i ∈ I ⟹ j ∈ I ⟹ ∃k∈I. f i + g j ≤ f k + g k"
shows "(SUP i∈I. f i + g i) = (SUP i∈I. f i) + (SUP i∈I. g i)"
proof (cases "I = {}")
case False
show ?thesis
proof (rule antisym)
show "(SUP i∈I. f i + g i) ≤ (SUP i∈I. f i) + (SUP i∈I. g i)"
by (rule SUP_least; intro add_mono SUP_upper)
next
have "(SUP i∈I. f i) + (SUP i∈I. g i) = (SUP i∈I. f i + (SUP i∈I. g i))"
by (intro ennreal_SUP_add_left[symmetric] ‹I ≠ {}›)
also have "… = (SUP i∈I. (SUP j∈I. f i + g j))"
using ‹I ≠ {}› by (simp add: ennreal_SUP_add_right)
also have "… ≤ (SUP i∈I. f i + g i)"
using directed by (intro SUP_least) (blast intro: SUP_upper2)
finally show "(SUP i∈I. f i) + (SUP i∈I. g i) ≤ (SUP i∈I. f i + g i)" .
qed
qed (simp add: bot_ereal_def)
lemma enn2real_eq_0_iff: "enn2real x = 0 ⟷ x = 0 ∨ x = top"
by (cases x) auto
lemma continuous_on_diff_ennreal:
"continuous_on A f ⟹ continuous_on A g ⟹ (⋀x. x ∈ A ⟹ f x ≠ top) ⟹ (⋀x. x ∈ A ⟹ g x ≠ top) ⟹ continuous_on A (λz. f z - g z::ennreal)"
including ennreal.lifting
proof (transfer fixing: A, simp add: top_ereal_def)
fix f g :: "'a ⇒ ereal" assume "∀x. 0 ≤ f x" "∀x. 0 ≤ g x" "continuous_on A f" "continuous_on A g"
moreover assume "f x ≠ ∞" "g x ≠ ∞" if "x ∈ A" for x
ultimately show "continuous_on A (λz. max 0 (f z - g z))"
by (intro continuous_on_max continuous_on_const continuous_on_diff_ereal) auto
qed
lemma tendsto_diff_ennreal:
"(f ⤏ x) F ⟹ (g ⤏ y) F ⟹ x ≠ top ⟹ y ≠ top ⟹ ((λz. f z - g z::ennreal) ⤏ x - y) F"
using continuous_on_tendsto_compose[where f="λx. fst x - snd x::ennreal" and s="{(x, y). x ≠ top ∧ y ≠ top}" and g="λx. (f x, g x)" and l="(x, y)" and F="F",
OF continuous_on_diff_ennreal]
by (auto simp: tendsto_Pair eventually_conj_iff less_top order_tendstoD continuous_on_fst continuous_on_snd continuous_on_id)
declare lim_real_of_ereal [tendsto_intros]
lemma tendsto_enn2real [tendsto_intros]:
assumes "(u ⤏ ennreal l) F" "l ≥ 0"
shows "((λn. enn2real (u n)) ⤏ l) F"
unfolding enn2real_def
by (metis assms enn2ereal_ennreal lim_real_of_ereal tendsto_enn2erealI)
end