Theory Filter
section ‹Filters on predicates›
theory Filter
imports Set_Interval Lifting_Set
begin
subsection ‹Filters›
text ‹
This definition also allows non-proper filters.
›
locale is_filter =
fixes F :: "('a ⇒ bool) ⇒ bool"
assumes True: "F (λx. True)"
assumes conj: "F (λx. P x) ⟹ F (λx. Q x) ⟹ F (λx. P x ∧ Q x)"
assumes mono: "∀x. P x ⟶ Q x ⟹ F (λx. P x) ⟹ F (λx. Q x)"
typedef 'a filter = "{F :: ('a ⇒ bool) ⇒ bool. is_filter F}"
proof
show "(λx. True) ∈ ?filter" by (auto intro: is_filter.intro)
qed
lemma is_filter_Rep_filter: "is_filter (Rep_filter F)"
using Rep_filter [of F] by simp
lemma Abs_filter_inverse':
assumes "is_filter F" shows "Rep_filter (Abs_filter F) = F"
using assms by (simp add: Abs_filter_inverse)
subsubsection ‹Eventually›
definition eventually :: "('a ⇒ bool) ⇒ 'a filter ⇒ bool"
where "eventually P F ⟷ Rep_filter F P"
syntax
"_eventually" :: "pttrn => 'a filter => bool => bool" (‹(‹indent=3 notation=‹binder ∀⇩F››∀⇩F _ in _./ _)› [0, 0, 10] 10)
syntax_consts
"_eventually" == eventually
translations
"∀⇩Fx in F. P" == "CONST eventually (λx. P) F"
lemma eventually_Abs_filter:
assumes "is_filter F" shows "eventually P (Abs_filter F) = F P"
unfolding eventually_def using assms by (simp add: Abs_filter_inverse)
lemma filter_eq_iff:
shows "F = F' ⟷ (∀P. eventually P F = eventually P F')"
unfolding Rep_filter_inject [symmetric] fun_eq_iff eventually_def ..
lemma eventually_True [simp]: "eventually (λx. True) F"
unfolding eventually_def
by (rule is_filter.True [OF is_filter_Rep_filter])
lemma always_eventually: "∀x. P x ⟹ eventually P F"
proof -
assume "∀x. P x" hence "P = (λx. True)" by (simp add: ext)
thus "eventually P F" by simp
qed
lemma eventuallyI: "(⋀x. P x) ⟹ eventually P F"
by (auto intro: always_eventually)
lemma filter_eqI: "(⋀P. eventually P F ⟷ eventually P G) ⟹ F = G"
by (auto simp: filter_eq_iff)
lemma eventually_mono:
"⟦eventually P F; ⋀x. P x ⟹ Q x⟧ ⟹ eventually Q F"
unfolding eventually_def
by (blast intro: is_filter.mono [OF is_filter_Rep_filter])
lemma eventually_conj:
assumes P: "eventually (λx. P x) F"
assumes Q: "eventually (λx. Q x) F"
shows "eventually (λx. P x ∧ Q x) F"
using assms unfolding eventually_def
by (rule is_filter.conj [OF is_filter_Rep_filter])
lemma eventually_mp:
assumes "eventually (λx. P x ⟶ Q x) F"
assumes "eventually (λx. P x) F"
shows "eventually (λx. Q x) F"
proof -
have "eventually (λx. (P x ⟶ Q x) ∧ P x) F"
using assms by (rule eventually_conj)
then show ?thesis
by (blast intro: eventually_mono)
qed
lemma eventually_rev_mp:
assumes "eventually (λx. P x) F"
assumes "eventually (λx. P x ⟶ Q x) F"
shows "eventually (λx. Q x) F"
using assms(2) assms(1) by (rule eventually_mp)
lemma eventually_conj_iff:
"eventually (λx. P x ∧ Q x) F ⟷ eventually P F ∧ eventually Q F"
by (auto intro: eventually_conj elim: eventually_rev_mp)
lemma eventually_elim2:
assumes "eventually (λi. P i) F"
assumes "eventually (λi. Q i) F"
assumes "⋀i. P i ⟹ Q i ⟹ R i"
shows "eventually (λi. R i) F"
using assms by (auto elim!: eventually_rev_mp)
lemma eventually_cong:
assumes "eventually P F" and "⋀x. P x ⟹ Q x ⟷ R x"
shows "eventually Q F ⟷ eventually R F"
using assms eventually_elim2 by blast
lemma eventually_ball_finite_distrib:
"finite A ⟹ (eventually (λx. ∀y∈A. P x y) net) ⟷ (∀y∈A. eventually (λx. P x y) net)"
by (induction A rule: finite_induct) (auto simp: eventually_conj_iff)
lemma eventually_ball_finite:
"finite A ⟹ ∀y∈A. eventually (λx. P x y) net ⟹ eventually (λx. ∀y∈A. P x y) net"
by (auto simp: eventually_ball_finite_distrib)
lemma eventually_all_finite:
fixes P :: "'a ⇒ 'b::finite ⇒ bool"
assumes "⋀y. eventually (λx. P x y) net"
shows "eventually (λx. ∀y. P x y) net"
using eventually_ball_finite [of UNIV P] assms by simp
lemma eventually_ex: "(∀⇩Fx in F. ∃y. P x y) ⟷ (∃Y. ∀⇩Fx in F. P x (Y x))"
proof
assume "∀⇩Fx in F. ∃y. P x y"
then have "∀⇩Fx in F. P x (SOME y. P x y)"
by (auto intro: someI_ex eventually_mono)
then show "∃Y. ∀⇩Fx in F. P x (Y x)"
by auto
qed (auto intro: eventually_mono)
lemma not_eventually_impI: "eventually P F ⟹ ¬ eventually Q F ⟹ ¬ eventually (λx. P x ⟶ Q x) F"
by (auto intro: eventually_mp)
lemma not_eventuallyD: "¬ eventually P F ⟹ ∃x. ¬ P x"
by (metis always_eventually)
lemma eventually_subst:
assumes "eventually (λn. P n = Q n) F"
shows "eventually P F = eventually Q F" (is "?L = ?R")
proof -
from assms have "eventually (λx. P x ⟶ Q x) F"
and "eventually (λx. Q x ⟶ P x) F"
by (auto elim: eventually_mono)
then show ?thesis by (auto elim: eventually_elim2)
qed
subsection ‹ Frequently as dual to eventually ›
definition frequently :: "('a ⇒ bool) ⇒ 'a filter ⇒ bool"
where "frequently P F ⟷ ¬ eventually (λx. ¬ P x) F"
syntax
"_frequently" :: "pttrn ⇒ 'a filter ⇒ bool ⇒ bool" (‹(‹indent=3 notation=‹binder ∃⇩F››∃⇩F _ in _./ _)› [0, 0, 10] 10)
syntax_consts
"_frequently" == frequently
translations
"∃⇩Fx in F. P" == "CONST frequently (λx. P) F"
lemma not_frequently_False [simp]: "¬ (∃⇩Fx in F. False)"
by (simp add: frequently_def)
lemma frequently_ex: "∃⇩Fx in F. P x ⟹ ∃x. P x"
by (auto simp: frequently_def dest: not_eventuallyD)
lemma frequentlyE: assumes "frequently P F" obtains x where "P x"
using frequently_ex[OF assms] by auto
lemma frequently_mp:
assumes ev: "∀⇩Fx in F. P x ⟶ Q x" and P: "∃⇩Fx in F. P x" shows "∃⇩Fx in F. Q x"
proof -
from ev have "eventually (λx. ¬ Q x ⟶ ¬ P x) F"
by (rule eventually_rev_mp) (auto intro!: always_eventually)
from eventually_mp[OF this] P show ?thesis
by (auto simp: frequently_def)
qed
lemma frequently_rev_mp:
assumes "∃⇩Fx in F. P x"
assumes "∀⇩Fx in F. P x ⟶ Q x"
shows "∃⇩Fx in F. Q x"
using assms(2) assms(1) by (rule frequently_mp)
lemma frequently_mono: "(∀x. P x ⟶ Q x) ⟹ frequently P F ⟹ frequently Q F"
using frequently_mp[of P Q] by (simp add: always_eventually)
lemma frequently_elim1: "∃⇩Fx in F. P x ⟹ (⋀i. P i ⟹ Q i) ⟹ ∃⇩Fx in F. Q x"
by (metis frequently_mono)
lemma frequently_disj_iff: "(∃⇩Fx in F. P x ∨ Q x) ⟷ (∃⇩Fx in F. P x) ∨ (∃⇩Fx in F. Q x)"
by (simp add: frequently_def eventually_conj_iff)
lemma frequently_disj: "∃⇩Fx in F. P x ⟹ ∃⇩Fx in F. Q x ⟹ ∃⇩Fx in F. P x ∨ Q x"
by (simp add: frequently_disj_iff)
lemma frequently_bex_finite_distrib:
assumes "finite A" shows "(∃⇩Fx in F. ∃y∈A. P x y) ⟷ (∃y∈A. ∃⇩Fx in F. P x y)"
using assms by induction (auto simp: frequently_disj_iff)
lemma frequently_bex_finite: "finite A ⟹ ∃⇩Fx in F. ∃y∈A. P x y ⟹ ∃y∈A. ∃⇩Fx in F. P x y"
by (simp add: frequently_bex_finite_distrib)
lemma frequently_all: "(∃⇩Fx in F. ∀y. P x y) ⟷ (∀Y. ∃⇩Fx in F. P x (Y x))"
using eventually_ex[of "λx y. ¬ P x y" F] by (simp add: frequently_def)
lemma
shows not_eventually: "¬ eventually P F ⟷ (∃⇩Fx in F. ¬ P x)"
and not_frequently: "¬ frequently P F ⟷ (∀⇩Fx in F. ¬ P x)"
by (auto simp: frequently_def)
lemma frequently_imp_iff:
"(∃⇩Fx in F. P x ⟶ Q x) ⟷ (eventually P F ⟶ frequently Q F)"
unfolding imp_conv_disj frequently_disj_iff not_eventually[symmetric] ..
lemma frequently_eventually_conj:
assumes "∃⇩Fx in F. P x"
assumes "∀⇩Fx in F. Q x"
shows "∃⇩Fx in F. Q x ∧ P x"
using assms eventually_elim2 by (force simp add: frequently_def)
lemma frequently_cong:
assumes ev: "eventually P F" and QR: "⋀x. P x ⟹ Q x ⟷ R x"
shows "frequently Q F ⟷ frequently R F"
unfolding frequently_def
using QR by (auto intro!: eventually_cong [OF ev])
lemma frequently_eventually_frequently:
"frequently P F ⟹ eventually Q F ⟹ frequently (λx. P x ∧ Q x) F"
using frequently_cong [of Q F P "λx. P x ∧ Q x"] by meson
lemma eventually_frequently_const_simps [simp]:
"(∃⇩Fx in F. P x ∧ C) ⟷ (∃⇩Fx in F. P x) ∧ C"
"(∃⇩Fx in F. C ∧ P x) ⟷ C ∧ (∃⇩Fx in F. P x)"
"(∀⇩Fx in F. P x ∨ C) ⟷ (∀⇩Fx in F. P x) ∨ C"
"(∀⇩Fx in F. C ∨ P x) ⟷ C ∨ (∀⇩Fx in F. P x)"
"(∀⇩Fx in F. P x ⟶ C) ⟷ ((∃⇩Fx in F. P x) ⟶ C)"
"(∀⇩Fx in F. C ⟶ P x) ⟷ (C ⟶ (∀⇩Fx in F. P x))"
by (cases C; simp add: not_frequently)+
lemmas eventually_frequently_simps =
eventually_frequently_const_simps
not_eventually
eventually_conj_iff
eventually_ball_finite_distrib
eventually_ex
not_frequently
frequently_disj_iff
frequently_bex_finite_distrib
frequently_all
frequently_imp_iff
ML ‹
fun eventually_elim_tac facts =
CONTEXT_SUBGOAL (fn (goal, i) => fn (ctxt, st) =>
let
val mp_facts = facts RL @{thms eventually_rev_mp}
val rule =
@{thm eventuallyI}
|> fold (fn mp_fact => fn th => th RS mp_fact) mp_facts
|> funpow (length facts) (fn th => @{thm impI} RS th)
val cases_prop =
Thm.prop_of (Rule_Cases.internalize_params (rule RS Goal.init (Thm.cterm_of ctxt goal)))
val cases = Rule_Cases.make_common ctxt cases_prop [(("elim", []), [])]
in CONTEXT_CASES cases (resolve_tac ctxt [rule] i) (ctxt, st) end)
›
method_setup eventually_elim = ‹
Scan.succeed (fn _ => CONTEXT_METHOD (fn facts => eventually_elim_tac facts 1))
› "elimination of eventually quantifiers"
subsubsection ‹Finer-than relation›
text ‹\<^term>‹F ≤ F'› means that filter \<^term>‹F› is finer than
filter \<^term>‹F'›.›
instantiation filter :: (type) complete_lattice
begin
definition le_filter_def:
"F ≤ F' ⟷ (∀P. eventually P F' ⟶ eventually P F)"
definition
"(F :: 'a filter) < F' ⟷ F ≤ F' ∧ ¬ F' ≤ F"
definition
"top = Abs_filter (λP. ∀x. P x)"
definition
"bot = Abs_filter (λP. True)"
definition
"sup F F' = Abs_filter (λP. eventually P F ∧ eventually P F')"
definition
"inf F F' = Abs_filter
(λP. ∃Q R. eventually Q F ∧ eventually R F' ∧ (∀x. Q x ∧ R x ⟶ P x))"
definition
"Sup S = Abs_filter (λP. ∀F∈S. eventually P F)"
definition
"Inf S = Sup {F::'a filter. ∀F'∈S. F ≤ F'}"
lemma eventually_top [simp]: "eventually P top ⟷ (∀x. P x)"
unfolding top_filter_def
by (rule eventually_Abs_filter, rule is_filter.intro, auto)
lemma eventually_bot [simp]: "eventually P bot"
unfolding bot_filter_def
by (subst eventually_Abs_filter, rule is_filter.intro, auto)
lemma eventually_sup:
"eventually P (sup F F') ⟷ eventually P F ∧ eventually P F'"
unfolding sup_filter_def
by (rule eventually_Abs_filter, rule is_filter.intro)
(auto elim!: eventually_rev_mp)
lemma eventually_inf:
"eventually P (inf F F') ⟷
(∃Q R. eventually Q F ∧ eventually R F' ∧ (∀x. Q x ∧ R x ⟶ P x))"
unfolding inf_filter_def
apply (rule eventually_Abs_filter [OF is_filter.intro])
apply (blast intro: eventually_True)
apply (force elim!: eventually_conj)+
done
lemma eventually_Sup:
"eventually P (Sup S) ⟷ (∀F∈S. eventually P F)"
unfolding Sup_filter_def
apply (rule eventually_Abs_filter [OF is_filter.intro])
apply (auto intro: eventually_conj elim!: eventually_rev_mp)
done
instance proof
fix F F' F'' :: "'a filter" and S :: "'a filter set"
{ show "F < F' ⟷ F ≤ F' ∧ ¬ F' ≤ F"
by (rule less_filter_def) }
{ show "F ≤ F"
unfolding le_filter_def by simp }
{ assume "F ≤ F'" and "F' ≤ F''" thus "F ≤ F''"
unfolding le_filter_def by simp }
{ assume "F ≤ F'" and "F' ≤ F" thus "F = F'"
unfolding le_filter_def filter_eq_iff by fast }
{ show "inf F F' ≤ F" and "inf F F' ≤ F'"
unfolding le_filter_def eventually_inf by (auto intro: eventually_True) }
{ assume "F ≤ F'" and "F ≤ F''" thus "F ≤ inf F' F''"
unfolding le_filter_def eventually_inf
by (auto intro: eventually_mono [OF eventually_conj]) }
{ show "F ≤ sup F F'" and "F' ≤ sup F F'"
unfolding le_filter_def eventually_sup by simp_all }
{ assume "F ≤ F''" and "F' ≤ F''" thus "sup F F' ≤ F''"
unfolding le_filter_def eventually_sup by simp }
{ assume "F'' ∈ S" thus "Inf S ≤ F''"
unfolding le_filter_def Inf_filter_def eventually_Sup Ball_def by simp }
{ assume "⋀F'. F' ∈ S ⟹ F ≤ F'" thus "F ≤ Inf S"
unfolding le_filter_def Inf_filter_def eventually_Sup Ball_def by simp }
{ assume "F ∈ S" thus "F ≤ Sup S"
unfolding le_filter_def eventually_Sup by simp }
{ assume "⋀F. F ∈ S ⟹ F ≤ F'" thus "Sup S ≤ F'"
unfolding le_filter_def eventually_Sup by simp }
{ show "Inf {} = (top::'a filter)"
by (auto simp: top_filter_def Inf_filter_def Sup_filter_def)
(metis (full_types) top_filter_def always_eventually eventually_top) }
{ show "Sup {} = (bot::'a filter)"
by (auto simp: bot_filter_def Sup_filter_def) }
qed
end
instance filter :: (type) distrib_lattice
proof
fix F G H :: "'a filter"
show "sup F (inf G H) = inf (sup F G) (sup F H)"
proof (rule order.antisym)
show "inf (sup F G) (sup F H) ≤ sup F (inf G H)"
unfolding le_filter_def eventually_sup
proof safe
fix P assume 1: "eventually P F" and 2: "eventually P (inf G H)"
from 2 obtain Q R
where QR: "eventually Q G" "eventually R H" "⋀x. Q x ⟹ R x ⟹ P x"
by (auto simp: eventually_inf)
define Q' where "Q' = (λx. Q x ∨ P x)"
define R' where "R' = (λx. R x ∨ P x)"
from 1 have "eventually Q' F"
by (elim eventually_mono) (auto simp: Q'_def)
moreover from 1 have "eventually R' F"
by (elim eventually_mono) (auto simp: R'_def)
moreover from QR(1) have "eventually Q' G"
by (elim eventually_mono) (auto simp: Q'_def)
moreover from QR(2) have "eventually R' H"
by (elim eventually_mono)(auto simp: R'_def)
moreover from QR have "P x" if "Q' x" "R' x" for x
using that by (auto simp: Q'_def R'_def)
ultimately show "eventually P (inf (sup F G) (sup F H))"
by (auto simp: eventually_inf eventually_sup)
qed
qed (auto intro: inf.coboundedI1 inf.coboundedI2)
qed
lemma filter_leD:
"F ≤ F' ⟹ eventually P F' ⟹ eventually P F"
unfolding le_filter_def by simp
lemma filter_leI:
"(⋀P. eventually P F' ⟹ eventually P F) ⟹ F ≤ F'"
unfolding le_filter_def by simp
lemma eventually_False:
"eventually (λx. False) F ⟷ F = bot"
unfolding filter_eq_iff by (auto elim: eventually_rev_mp)
lemma eventually_frequently: "F ≠ bot ⟹ eventually P F ⟹ frequently P F"
using eventually_conj[of P F "λx. ¬ P x"]
by (auto simp add: frequently_def eventually_False)
lemma eventually_frequentlyE:
assumes "eventually P F"
assumes "eventually (λx. ¬ P x ∨ Q x) F" "F≠bot"
shows "frequently Q F"
proof -
have "eventually Q F"
using eventually_conj[OF assms(1,2),simplified] by (auto elim:eventually_mono)
then show ?thesis using eventually_frequently[OF ‹F≠bot›] by auto
qed
lemma eventually_const_iff: "eventually (λx. P) F ⟷ P ∨ F = bot"
by (cases P) (auto simp: eventually_False)
lemma eventually_const[simp]: "F ≠ bot ⟹ eventually (λx. P) F ⟷ P"
by (simp add: eventually_const_iff)
lemma frequently_const_iff: "frequently (λx. P) F ⟷ P ∧ F ≠ bot"
by (simp add: frequently_def eventually_const_iff)
lemma frequently_const[simp]: "F ≠ bot ⟹ frequently (λx. P) F ⟷ P"
by (simp add: frequently_const_iff)
lemma eventually_happens: "eventually P net ⟹ net = bot ∨ (∃x. P x)"
by (metis frequentlyE eventually_frequently)
lemma eventually_happens':
assumes "F ≠ bot" "eventually P F"
shows "∃x. P x"
using assms eventually_frequently frequentlyE by blast
abbreviation (input) trivial_limit :: "'a filter ⇒ bool"
where "trivial_limit F ≡ F = bot"
lemma trivial_limit_def: "trivial_limit F ⟷ eventually (λx. False) F"
by (rule eventually_False [symmetric])
lemma False_imp_not_eventually: "(∀x. ¬ P x ) ⟹ ¬ trivial_limit net ⟹ ¬ eventually (λx. P x) net"
by (simp add: eventually_False)
lemma trivial_limit_eventually: "trivial_limit net ⟹ eventually P net"
by simp
lemma trivial_limit_eq: "trivial_limit net ⟷ (∀P. eventually P net)"
by (simp add: filter_eq_iff)
lemma eventually_Inf: "eventually P (Inf B) ⟷ (∃X⊆B. finite X ∧ eventually P (Inf X))"
proof -
let ?F = "λP. ∃X⊆B. finite X ∧ eventually P (Inf X)"
have eventually_F: "eventually P (Abs_filter ?F) ⟷ ?F P" for P
proof (rule eventually_Abs_filter is_filter.intro)+
show "?F (λx. True)"
by (rule exI[of _ "{}"]) (simp add: le_fun_def)
next
fix P Q
assume "?F P" "?F Q"
then obtain X Y where
"X ⊆ B" "finite X" "eventually P (⨅ X)"
"Y ⊆ B" "finite Y" "eventually Q (⨅ Y)" by blast
then show "?F (λx. P x ∧ Q x)"
by (intro exI[of _ "X ∪ Y"]) (auto simp: Inf_union_distrib eventually_inf)
next
fix P Q
assume "?F P"
then obtain X where "X ⊆ B" "finite X" "eventually P (⨅ X)"
by blast
moreover assume "∀x. P x ⟶ Q x"
ultimately show "?F Q"
by (intro exI[of _ X]) (auto elim: eventually_mono)
qed
have "Inf B = Abs_filter ?F"
proof (intro antisym Inf_greatest)
show "Inf B ≤ Abs_filter ?F"
by (auto simp: le_filter_def eventually_F dest: Inf_superset_mono)
next
fix F assume "F ∈ B" then show "Abs_filter ?F ≤ F"
by (auto simp add: le_filter_def eventually_F intro!: exI[of _ "{F}"])
qed
then show ?thesis
by (simp add: eventually_F)
qed
lemma eventually_INF: "eventually P (⨅b∈B. F b) ⟷ (∃X⊆B. finite X ∧ eventually P (⨅b∈X. F b))"
unfolding eventually_Inf [of P "F`B"]
by (metis finite_imageI image_mono finite_subset_image)
lemma Inf_filter_not_bot:
fixes B :: "'a filter set"
shows "(⋀X. X ⊆ B ⟹ finite X ⟹ Inf X ≠ bot) ⟹ Inf B ≠ bot"
unfolding trivial_limit_def eventually_Inf[of _ B]
bot_bool_def [symmetric] bot_fun_def [symmetric] bot_unique by simp
lemma INF_filter_not_bot:
fixes F :: "'i ⇒ 'a filter"
shows "(⋀X. X ⊆ B ⟹ finite X ⟹ (⨅b∈X. F b) ≠ bot) ⟹ (⨅b∈B. F b) ≠ bot"
unfolding trivial_limit_def eventually_INF [of _ _ B]
bot_bool_def [symmetric] bot_fun_def [symmetric] bot_unique by simp
lemma eventually_Inf_base:
assumes "B ≠ {}" and base: "⋀F G. F ∈ B ⟹ G ∈ B ⟹ ∃x∈B. x ≤ inf F G"
shows "eventually P (Inf B) ⟷ (∃b∈B. eventually P b)"
proof (subst eventually_Inf, safe)
fix X assume "finite X" "X ⊆ B"
then have "∃b∈B. ∀x∈X. b ≤ x"
proof induct
case empty then show ?case
using ‹B ≠ {}› by auto
next
case (insert x X)
then obtain b where "b ∈ B" "⋀x. x ∈ X ⟹ b ≤ x"
by auto
with ‹insert x X ⊆ B› base[of b x] show ?case
by (auto intro: order_trans)
qed
then obtain b where "b ∈ B" "b ≤ Inf X"
by (auto simp: le_Inf_iff)
then show "eventually P (Inf X) ⟹ Bex B (eventually P)"
by (intro bexI[of _ b]) (auto simp: le_filter_def)
qed (auto intro!: exI[of _ "{x}" for x])
lemma eventually_INF_base:
"B ≠ {} ⟹ (⋀a b. a ∈ B ⟹ b ∈ B ⟹ ∃x∈B. F x ≤ inf (F a) (F b)) ⟹
eventually P (⨅b∈B. F b) ⟷ (∃b∈B. eventually P (F b))"
by (subst eventually_Inf_base) auto
lemma eventually_INF1: "i ∈ I ⟹ eventually P (F i) ⟹ eventually P (⨅i∈I. F i)"
using filter_leD[OF INF_lower] .
lemma eventually_INF_finite:
assumes "finite A"
shows "eventually P (⨅ x∈A. F x) ⟷
(∃Q. (∀x∈A. eventually (Q x) (F x)) ∧ (∀y. (∀x∈A. Q x y) ⟶ P y))"
using assms
proof (induction arbitrary: P rule: finite_induct)
case (insert a A P)
from insert.hyps have [simp]: "x ≠ a" if "x ∈ A" for x
using that by auto
have "eventually P (⨅ x∈insert a A. F x) ⟷
(∃Q R S. eventually Q (F a) ∧ (( (∀x∈A. eventually (S x) (F x)) ∧
(∀y. (∀x∈A. S x y) ⟶ R y)) ∧ (∀x. Q x ∧ R x ⟶ P x)))"
unfolding ex_simps by (simp add: eventually_inf insert.IH)
also have "… ⟷ (∃Q. (∀x∈insert a A. eventually (Q x) (F x)) ∧
(∀y. (∀x∈insert a A. Q x y) ⟶ P y))"
proof (safe, goal_cases)
case (1 Q R S)
thus ?case using 1 by (intro exI[of _ "S(a := Q)"]) auto
next
case (2 Q)
show ?case
by (rule exI[of _ "Q a"], rule exI[of _ "λy. ∀x∈A. Q x y"],
rule exI[of _ "Q(a := (λ_. True))"]) (use 2 in auto)
qed
finally show ?case .
qed auto
lemma eventually_le_le:
fixes P :: "'a ⇒ ('b :: preorder)"
assumes "eventually (λx. P x ≤ Q x) F"
assumes "eventually (λx. Q x ≤ R x) F"
shows "eventually (λx. P x ≤ R x) F"
using assms by eventually_elim (rule order_trans)
subsubsection ‹Map function for filters›
definition filtermap :: "('a ⇒ 'b) ⇒ 'a filter ⇒ 'b filter"
where "filtermap f F = Abs_filter (λP. eventually (λx. P (f x)) F)"
lemma eventually_filtermap:
"eventually P (filtermap f F) = eventually (λx. P (f x)) F"
unfolding filtermap_def
apply (rule eventually_Abs_filter [OF is_filter.intro])
apply (auto elim!: eventually_rev_mp)
done
lemma eventually_comp_filtermap:
"eventually (P ∘ f) F ⟷ eventually P (filtermap f F)"
unfolding comp_def using eventually_filtermap by auto
lemma filtermap_compose: "filtermap (f ∘ g) F = filtermap f (filtermap g F)"
unfolding filter_eq_iff by (simp add: eventually_filtermap)
lemma filtermap_ident: "filtermap (λx. x) F = F"
by (simp add: filter_eq_iff eventually_filtermap)
lemma filtermap_filtermap:
"filtermap f (filtermap g F) = filtermap (λx. f (g x)) F"
by (simp add: filter_eq_iff eventually_filtermap)
lemma filtermap_mono: "F ≤ F' ⟹ filtermap f F ≤ filtermap f F'"
unfolding le_filter_def eventually_filtermap by simp
lemma filtermap_bot [simp]: "filtermap f bot = bot"
by (simp add: filter_eq_iff eventually_filtermap)
lemma filtermap_bot_iff: "filtermap f F = bot ⟷ F = bot"
by (simp add: trivial_limit_def eventually_filtermap)
lemma filtermap_sup: "filtermap f (sup F1 F2) = sup (filtermap f F1) (filtermap f F2)"
by (simp add: filter_eq_iff eventually_filtermap eventually_sup)
lemma filtermap_SUP: "filtermap f (⨆b∈B. F b) = (⨆b∈B. filtermap f (F b))"
by (simp add: filter_eq_iff eventually_Sup eventually_filtermap)
lemma filtermap_inf: "filtermap f (inf F1 F2) ≤ inf (filtermap f F1) (filtermap f F2)"
by (intro inf_greatest filtermap_mono inf_sup_ord)
lemma filtermap_INF: "filtermap f (⨅b∈B. F b) ≤ (⨅b∈B. filtermap f (F b))"
by (rule INF_greatest, rule filtermap_mono, erule INF_lower)
lemma frequently_filtermap:
"frequently P (filtermap f F) = frequently (λx. P (f x)) F"
by (simp add: frequently_def eventually_filtermap)
subsubsection ‹Contravariant map function for filters›
definition filtercomap :: "('a ⇒ 'b) ⇒ 'b filter ⇒ 'a filter" where
"filtercomap f F = Abs_filter (λP. ∃Q. eventually Q F ∧ (∀x. Q (f x) ⟶ P x))"
lemma eventually_filtercomap:
"eventually P (filtercomap f F) ⟷ (∃Q. eventually Q F ∧ (∀x. Q (f x) ⟶ P x))"
unfolding filtercomap_def
proof (intro eventually_Abs_filter, unfold_locales, goal_cases)
case 1
show ?case by (auto intro!: exI[of _ "λ_. True"])
next
case (2 P Q)
then obtain P' Q' where P'Q':
"eventually P' F" "∀x. P' (f x) ⟶ P x"
"eventually Q' F" "∀x. Q' (f x) ⟶ Q x"
by (elim exE conjE)
show ?case
by (rule exI[of _ "λx. P' x ∧ Q' x"]) (use P'Q' in ‹auto intro!: eventually_conj›)
next
case (3 P Q)
thus ?case by blast
qed
lemma filtercomap_ident: "filtercomap (λx. x) F = F"
by (auto simp: filter_eq_iff eventually_filtercomap elim!: eventually_mono)
lemma filtercomap_filtercomap: "filtercomap f (filtercomap g F) = filtercomap (λx. g (f x)) F"
unfolding filter_eq_iff by (auto simp: eventually_filtercomap)
lemma filtercomap_mono: "F ≤ F' ⟹ filtercomap f F ≤ filtercomap f F'"
by (auto simp: eventually_filtercomap le_filter_def)
lemma filtercomap_bot [simp]: "filtercomap f bot = bot"
by (auto simp: filter_eq_iff eventually_filtercomap)
lemma filtercomap_top [simp]: "filtercomap f top = top"
by (auto simp: filter_eq_iff eventually_filtercomap)
lemma filtercomap_inf: "filtercomap f (inf F1 F2) = inf (filtercomap f F1) (filtercomap f F2)"
unfolding filter_eq_iff
proof safe
fix P
assume "eventually P (filtercomap f (F1 ⊓ F2))"
then obtain Q R S where *:
"eventually Q F1" "eventually R F2" "⋀x. Q x ⟹ R x ⟹ S x" "⋀x. S (f x) ⟹ P x"
unfolding eventually_filtercomap eventually_inf by blast
from * have "eventually (λx. Q (f x)) (filtercomap f F1)"
"eventually (λx. R (f x)) (filtercomap f F2)"
by (auto simp: eventually_filtercomap)
with * show "eventually P (filtercomap f F1 ⊓ filtercomap f F2)"
unfolding eventually_inf by blast
next
fix P
assume "eventually P (inf (filtercomap f F1) (filtercomap f F2))"
then obtain Q Q' R R' where *:
"eventually Q F1" "eventually R F2" "⋀x. Q (f x) ⟹ Q' x" "⋀x. R (f x) ⟹ R' x"
"⋀x. Q' x ⟹ R' x ⟹ P x"
unfolding eventually_filtercomap eventually_inf by blast
from * have "eventually (λx. Q x ∧ R x) (F1 ⊓ F2)" by (auto simp: eventually_inf)
with * show "eventually P (filtercomap f (F1 ⊓ F2))"
by (auto simp: eventually_filtercomap)
qed
lemma filtercomap_sup: "filtercomap f (sup F1 F2) ≥ sup (filtercomap f F1) (filtercomap f F2)"
by (intro sup_least filtercomap_mono inf_sup_ord)
lemma filtercomap_INF: "filtercomap f (⨅b∈B. F b) = (⨅b∈B. filtercomap f (F b))"
proof -
have *: "filtercomap f (⨅b∈B. F b) = (⨅b∈B. filtercomap f (F b))" if "finite B" for B
using that by induction (simp_all add: filtercomap_inf)
show ?thesis unfolding filter_eq_iff
proof
fix P
have "eventually P (⨅b∈B. filtercomap f (F b)) ⟷
(∃X. (X ⊆ B ∧ finite X) ∧ eventually P (⨅b∈X. filtercomap f (F b)))"
by (subst eventually_INF) blast
also have "… ⟷ (∃X. (X ⊆ B ∧ finite X) ∧ eventually P (filtercomap f (⨅b∈X. F b)))"
by (rule ex_cong) (simp add: *)
also have "… ⟷ eventually P (filtercomap f (⨅(F ` B)))"
unfolding eventually_filtercomap by (subst eventually_INF) blast
finally show "eventually P (filtercomap f (⨅(F ` B))) =
eventually P (⨅b∈B. filtercomap f (F b))" ..
qed
qed
lemma filtercomap_SUP:
"filtercomap f (⨆b∈B. F b) ≥ (⨆b∈B. filtercomap f (F b))"
by (intro SUP_least filtercomap_mono SUP_upper)
lemma filtermap_le_iff_le_filtercomap: "filtermap f F ≤ G ⟷ F ≤ filtercomap f G"
unfolding le_filter_def eventually_filtermap eventually_filtercomap
using eventually_mono by auto
lemma filtercomap_neq_bot:
assumes "⋀P. eventually P F ⟹ ∃x. P (f x)"
shows "filtercomap f F ≠ bot"
using assms by (auto simp: trivial_limit_def eventually_filtercomap)
lemma filtercomap_neq_bot_surj:
assumes "F ≠ bot" and "surj f"
shows "filtercomap f F ≠ bot"
proof (rule filtercomap_neq_bot)
fix P assume *: "eventually P F"
show "∃x. P (f x)"
proof (rule ccontr)
assume **: "¬(∃x. P (f x))"
from * have "eventually (λ_. False) F"
proof eventually_elim
case (elim x)
from ‹surj f› obtain y where "x = f y" by auto
with elim and ** show False by auto
qed
with assms show False by (simp add: trivial_limit_def)
qed
qed
lemma eventually_filtercomapI [intro]:
assumes "eventually P F"
shows "eventually (λx. P (f x)) (filtercomap f F)"
using assms by (auto simp: eventually_filtercomap)
lemma filtermap_filtercomap: "filtermap f (filtercomap f F) ≤ F"
by (auto simp: le_filter_def eventually_filtermap eventually_filtercomap)
lemma filtercomap_filtermap: "filtercomap f (filtermap f F) ≥ F"
unfolding le_filter_def eventually_filtermap eventually_filtercomap
by (auto elim!: eventually_mono)
subsubsection ‹Standard filters›
definition principal :: "'a set ⇒ 'a filter" where
"principal S = Abs_filter (λP. ∀x∈S. P x)"
lemma eventually_principal: "eventually P (principal S) ⟷ (∀x∈S. P x)"
unfolding principal_def
by (rule eventually_Abs_filter, rule is_filter.intro) auto
lemma eventually_inf_principal: "eventually P (inf F (principal s)) ⟷ eventually (λx. x ∈ s ⟶ P x) F"
unfolding eventually_inf eventually_principal by (auto elim: eventually_mono)
lemma principal_UNIV[simp]: "principal UNIV = top"
by (auto simp: filter_eq_iff eventually_principal)
lemma principal_empty[simp]: "principal {} = bot"
by (auto simp: filter_eq_iff eventually_principal)
lemma principal_eq_bot_iff: "principal X = bot ⟷ X = {}"
by (auto simp add: filter_eq_iff eventually_principal)
lemma principal_le_iff[iff]: "principal A ≤ principal B ⟷ A ⊆ B"
by (auto simp: le_filter_def eventually_principal)
lemma le_principal: "F ≤ principal A ⟷ eventually (λx. x ∈ A) F"
unfolding le_filter_def eventually_principal
by (force elim: eventually_mono)
lemma principal_inject[iff]: "principal A = principal B ⟷ A = B"
unfolding eq_iff by simp
lemma sup_principal[simp]: "sup (principal A) (principal B) = principal (A ∪ B)"
unfolding filter_eq_iff eventually_sup eventually_principal by auto
lemma inf_principal[simp]: "inf (principal A) (principal B) = principal (A ∩ B)"
unfolding filter_eq_iff eventually_inf eventually_principal
by (auto intro: exI[of _ "λx. x ∈ A"] exI[of _ "λx. x ∈ B"])
lemma SUP_principal[simp]: "(⨆i∈I. principal (A i)) = principal (⋃i∈I. A i)"
unfolding filter_eq_iff eventually_Sup by (auto simp: eventually_principal)
lemma INF_principal_finite: "finite X ⟹ (⨅x∈X. principal (f x)) = principal (⋂x∈X. f x)"
by (induct X rule: finite_induct) auto
lemma filtermap_principal[simp]: "filtermap f (principal A) = principal (f ` A)"
unfolding filter_eq_iff eventually_filtermap eventually_principal by simp
lemma filtercomap_principal[simp]: "filtercomap f (principal A) = principal (f -` A)"
unfolding filter_eq_iff eventually_filtercomap eventually_principal by fast
subsubsection ‹Order filters›
definition at_top :: "('a::order) filter"
where "at_top = (⨅k. principal {k ..})"
lemma at_top_sub: "at_top = (⨅k∈{c::'a::linorder..}. principal {k ..})"
by (auto intro!: INF_eq max.cobounded1 max.cobounded2 simp: at_top_def)
lemma eventually_at_top_linorder: "eventually P at_top ⟷ (∃N::'a::linorder. ∀n≥N. P n)"
unfolding at_top_def
by (subst eventually_INF_base) (auto simp: eventually_principal intro: max.cobounded1 max.cobounded2)
lemma eventually_filtercomap_at_top_linorder:
"eventually P (filtercomap f at_top) ⟷ (∃N::'a::linorder. ∀x. f x ≥ N ⟶ P x)"
by (auto simp: eventually_filtercomap eventually_at_top_linorder)
lemma eventually_at_top_linorderI:
fixes c::"'a::linorder"
assumes "⋀x. c ≤ x ⟹ P x"
shows "eventually P at_top"
using assms by (auto simp: eventually_at_top_linorder)
lemma eventually_ge_at_top [simp]:
"eventually (λx. (c::_::linorder) ≤ x) at_top"
unfolding eventually_at_top_linorder by auto
lemma eventually_at_top_dense: "eventually P at_top ⟷ (∃N::'a::{no_top, linorder}. ∀n>N. P n)"
proof -
have "eventually P (⨅k. principal {k <..}) ⟷ (∃N::'a. ∀n>N. P n)"
by (subst eventually_INF_base) (auto simp: eventually_principal intro: max.cobounded1 max.cobounded2)
also have "(⨅k. principal {k::'a <..}) = at_top"
unfolding at_top_def
by (intro INF_eq) (auto intro: less_imp_le simp: Ici_subset_Ioi_iff gt_ex)
finally show ?thesis .
qed
lemma eventually_filtercomap_at_top_dense:
"eventually P (filtercomap f at_top) ⟷ (∃N::'a::{no_top, linorder}. ∀x. f x > N ⟶ P x)"
by (auto simp: eventually_filtercomap eventually_at_top_dense)
lemma eventually_at_top_not_equal [simp]: "eventually (λx::'a::{no_top, linorder}. x ≠ c) at_top"
unfolding eventually_at_top_dense by auto
lemma eventually_gt_at_top [simp]: "eventually (λx. (c::_::{no_top, linorder}) < x) at_top"
unfolding eventually_at_top_dense by auto
lemma eventually_all_ge_at_top:
assumes "eventually P (at_top :: ('a :: linorder) filter)"
shows "eventually (λx. ∀y≥x. P y) at_top"
proof -
from assms obtain x where "⋀y. y ≥ x ⟹ P y" by (auto simp: eventually_at_top_linorder)
hence "∀z≥y. P z" if "y ≥ x" for y using that by simp
thus ?thesis by (auto simp: eventually_at_top_linorder)
qed
definition at_bot :: "('a::order) filter"
where "at_bot = (⨅k. principal {.. k})"
lemma at_bot_sub: "at_bot = (⨅k∈{.. c::'a::linorder}. principal {.. k})"
by (auto intro!: INF_eq min.cobounded1 min.cobounded2 simp: at_bot_def)
lemma eventually_at_bot_linorder:
fixes P :: "'a::linorder ⇒ bool" shows "eventually P at_bot ⟷ (∃N. ∀n≤N. P n)"
unfolding at_bot_def
by (subst eventually_INF_base) (auto simp: eventually_principal intro: min.cobounded1 min.cobounded2)
lemma eventually_filtercomap_at_bot_linorder:
"eventually P (filtercomap f at_bot) ⟷ (∃N::'a::linorder. ∀x. f x ≤ N ⟶ P x)"
by (auto simp: eventually_filtercomap eventually_at_bot_linorder)
lemma eventually_le_at_bot [simp]:
"eventually (λx. x ≤ (c::_::linorder)) at_bot"
unfolding eventually_at_bot_linorder by auto
lemma eventually_at_bot_dense: "eventually P at_bot ⟷ (∃N::'a::{no_bot, linorder}. ∀n<N. P n)"
proof -
have "eventually P (⨅k. principal {..< k}) ⟷ (∃N::'a. ∀n<N. P n)"
by (subst eventually_INF_base) (auto simp: eventually_principal intro: min.cobounded1 min.cobounded2)
also have "(⨅k. principal {..< k::'a}) = at_bot"
unfolding at_bot_def
by (intro INF_eq) (auto intro: less_imp_le simp: Iic_subset_Iio_iff lt_ex)
finally show ?thesis .
qed
lemma eventually_filtercomap_at_bot_dense:
"eventually P (filtercomap f at_bot) ⟷ (∃N::'a::{no_bot, linorder}. ∀x. f x < N ⟶ P x)"
by (auto simp: eventually_filtercomap eventually_at_bot_dense)
lemma eventually_at_bot_not_equal [simp]: "eventually (λx::'a::{no_bot, linorder}. x ≠ c) at_bot"
unfolding eventually_at_bot_dense by auto
lemma eventually_gt_at_bot [simp]:
"eventually (λx. x < (c::_::unbounded_dense_linorder)) at_bot"
unfolding eventually_at_bot_dense by auto
lemma trivial_limit_at_bot_linorder [simp]: "¬ trivial_limit (at_bot ::('a::linorder) filter)"
unfolding trivial_limit_def
by (metis eventually_at_bot_linorder order_refl)
lemma trivial_limit_at_top_linorder [simp]: "¬ trivial_limit (at_top ::('a::linorder) filter)"
unfolding trivial_limit_def
by (metis eventually_at_top_linorder order_refl)
subsection ‹Sequentially›
abbreviation sequentially :: "nat filter"
where "sequentially ≡ at_top"
lemma eventually_sequentially:
"eventually P sequentially ⟷ (∃N. ∀n≥N. P n)"
by (rule eventually_at_top_linorder)
lemma frequently_sequentially:
"frequently P sequentially ⟷ (∀N. ∃n≥N. P n)"
by (simp add: frequently_def eventually_sequentially)
lemma sequentially_bot [simp, intro]: "sequentially ≠ bot"
unfolding filter_eq_iff eventually_sequentially by auto
lemmas trivial_limit_sequentially = sequentially_bot
lemma eventually_False_sequentially [simp]:
"¬ eventually (λn. False) sequentially"
by (simp add: eventually_False)
lemma le_sequentially:
"F ≤ sequentially ⟷ (∀N. eventually (λn. N ≤ n) F)"
by (simp add: at_top_def le_INF_iff le_principal)
lemma eventually_sequentiallyI [intro?]:
assumes "⋀x. c ≤ x ⟹ P x"
shows "eventually P sequentially"
using assms by (auto simp: eventually_sequentially)
lemma eventually_sequentially_Suc [simp]: "eventually (λi. P (Suc i)) sequentially ⟷ eventually P sequentially"
unfolding eventually_sequentially by (metis Suc_le_D Suc_le_mono le_Suc_eq)
lemma eventually_sequentially_seg [simp]: "eventually (λn. P (n + k)) sequentially ⟷ eventually P sequentially"
using eventually_sequentially_Suc[of "λn. P (n + k)" for k] by (induction k) auto
lemma filtermap_sequentually_ne_bot: "filtermap f sequentially ≠ bot"
by (simp add: filtermap_bot_iff)
subsection ‹Increasing finite subsets›
definition finite_subsets_at_top where
"finite_subsets_at_top A = (⨅ X∈{X. finite X ∧ X ⊆ A}. principal {Y. finite Y ∧ X ⊆ Y ∧ Y ⊆ A})"
lemma eventually_finite_subsets_at_top:
"eventually P (finite_subsets_at_top A) ⟷
(∃X. finite X ∧ X ⊆ A ∧ (∀Y. finite Y ∧ X ⊆ Y ∧ Y ⊆ A ⟶ P Y))"
unfolding finite_subsets_at_top_def
proof (subst eventually_INF_base, goal_cases)
show "{X. finite X ∧ X ⊆ A} ≠ {}" by auto
next
case (2 B C)
thus ?case by (intro bexI[of _ "B ∪ C"]) auto
qed (simp_all add: eventually_principal)
lemma eventually_finite_subsets_at_top_weakI [intro]:
assumes "⋀X. finite X ⟹ X ⊆ A ⟹ P X"
shows "eventually P (finite_subsets_at_top A)"
proof -
have "eventually (λX. finite X ∧ X ⊆ A) (finite_subsets_at_top A)"
by (auto simp: eventually_finite_subsets_at_top)
thus ?thesis by eventually_elim (use assms in auto)
qed
lemma finite_subsets_at_top_neq_bot [simp]: "finite_subsets_at_top A ≠ bot"
proof -
have "¬eventually (λx. False) (finite_subsets_at_top A)"
by (auto simp: eventually_finite_subsets_at_top)
thus ?thesis by auto
qed
lemma filtermap_image_finite_subsets_at_top:
assumes "inj_on f A"
shows "filtermap ((`) f) (finite_subsets_at_top A) = finite_subsets_at_top (f ` A)"
unfolding filter_eq_iff eventually_filtermap
proof (safe, goal_cases)
case (1 P)
then obtain X where X: "finite X" "X ⊆ A" "⋀Y. finite Y ⟹ X ⊆ Y ⟹ Y ⊆ A ⟹ P (f ` Y)"
unfolding eventually_finite_subsets_at_top by force
show ?case unfolding eventually_finite_subsets_at_top eventually_filtermap
proof (rule exI[of _ "f ` X"], intro conjI allI impI, goal_cases)
case (3 Y)
with assms and X(1,2) have "P (f ` (f -` Y ∩ A))" using X(1,2)
by (intro X(3) finite_vimage_IntI) auto
also have "f ` (f -` Y ∩ A) = Y" using assms 3 by blast
finally show ?case .
qed (insert assms X(1,2), auto intro!: finite_vimage_IntI)
next
case (2 P)
then obtain X where X: "finite X" "X ⊆ f ` A" "⋀Y. finite Y ⟹ X ⊆ Y ⟹ Y ⊆ f ` A ⟹ P Y"
unfolding eventually_finite_subsets_at_top by force
show ?case unfolding eventually_finite_subsets_at_top eventually_filtermap
proof (rule exI[of _ "f -` X ∩ A"], intro conjI allI impI, goal_cases)
case (3 Y)
with X(1,2) and assms show ?case by (intro X(3)) force+
qed (insert assms X(1), auto intro!: finite_vimage_IntI)
qed
lemma eventually_finite_subsets_at_top_finite:
assumes "finite A"
shows "eventually P (finite_subsets_at_top A) ⟷ P A"
unfolding eventually_finite_subsets_at_top using assms by force
lemma finite_subsets_at_top_finite: "finite A ⟹ finite_subsets_at_top A = principal {A}"
by (auto simp: filter_eq_iff eventually_finite_subsets_at_top_finite eventually_principal)
subsection ‹The cofinite filter›
definition "cofinite = Abs_filter (λP. finite {x. ¬ P x})"
abbreviation Inf_many :: "('a ⇒ bool) ⇒ bool" (binder ‹∃⇩∞› 10)
where "Inf_many P ≡ frequently P cofinite"
abbreviation Alm_all :: "('a ⇒ bool) ⇒ bool" (binder ‹∀⇩∞› 10)
where "Alm_all P ≡ eventually P cofinite"
notation (ASCII)
Inf_many (binder ‹INFM › 10) and
Alm_all (binder ‹MOST › 10)
lemma eventually_cofinite: "eventually P cofinite ⟷ finite {x. ¬ P x}"
unfolding cofinite_def
proof (rule eventually_Abs_filter, rule is_filter.intro)
fix P Q :: "'a ⇒ bool" assume "finite {x. ¬ P x}" "finite {x. ¬ Q x}"
from finite_UnI[OF this] show "finite {x. ¬ (P x ∧ Q x)}"
by (rule rev_finite_subset) auto
next
fix P Q :: "'a ⇒ bool" assume P: "finite {x. ¬ P x}" and *: "∀x. P x ⟶ Q x"
from * show "finite {x. ¬ Q x}"
by (intro finite_subset[OF _ P]) auto
qed simp
lemma frequently_cofinite: "frequently P cofinite ⟷ ¬ finite {x. P x}"
by (simp add: frequently_def eventually_cofinite)
lemma cofinite_bot[simp]: "cofinite = (bot::'a filter) ⟷ finite (UNIV :: 'a set)"
unfolding trivial_limit_def eventually_cofinite by simp
lemma cofinite_eq_sequentially: "cofinite = sequentially"
unfolding filter_eq_iff eventually_sequentially eventually_cofinite
proof safe
fix P :: "nat ⇒ bool" assume [simp]: "finite {x. ¬ P x}"
show "∃N. ∀n≥N. P n"
proof cases
assume "{x. ¬ P x} ≠ {}" then show ?thesis
by (intro exI[of _ "Suc (Max {x. ¬ P x})"]) (auto simp: Suc_le_eq)
qed auto
next
fix P :: "nat ⇒ bool" and N :: nat assume "∀n≥N. P n"
then have "{x. ¬ P x} ⊆ {..< N}"
by (auto simp: not_le)
then show "finite {x. ¬ P x}"
by (blast intro: finite_subset)
qed
subsubsection ‹Product of filters›
definition prod_filter :: "'a filter ⇒ 'b filter ⇒ ('a × 'b) filter" (infixr ‹×⇩F› 80) where
"prod_filter F G =
(⨅(P, Q)∈{(P, Q). eventually P F ∧ eventually Q G}. principal {(x, y). P x ∧ Q y})"
lemma eventually_prod_filter: "eventually P (F ×⇩F G) ⟷
(∃Pf Pg. eventually Pf F ∧ eventually Pg G ∧ (∀x y. Pf x ⟶ Pg y ⟶ P (x, y)))"
unfolding prod_filter_def
proof (subst eventually_INF_base, goal_cases)
case 2
moreover have "eventually Pf F ⟹ eventually Qf F ⟹ eventually Pg G ⟹ eventually Qg G ⟹
∃P Q. eventually P F ∧ eventually Q G ∧
Collect P × Collect Q ⊆ Collect Pf × Collect Pg ∩ Collect Qf × Collect Qg" for Pf Pg Qf Qg
by (intro conjI exI[of _ "inf Pf Qf"] exI[of _ "inf Pg Qg"])
(auto simp: inf_fun_def eventually_conj)
ultimately show ?case
by auto
qed (auto simp: eventually_principal intro: eventually_True)
lemma eventually_prod1:
assumes "B ≠ bot"
shows "(∀⇩F (x, y) in A ×⇩F B. P x) ⟷ (∀⇩F x in A. P x)"
unfolding eventually_prod_filter
proof safe
fix R Q
assume *: "∀⇩F x in A. R x" "∀⇩F x in B. Q x" "∀x y. R x ⟶ Q y ⟶ P x"
with ‹B ≠ bot› obtain y where "Q y" by (auto dest: eventually_happens)
with * show "eventually P A"
by (force elim: eventually_mono)
next
assume "eventually P A"
then show "∃Pf Pg. eventually Pf A ∧ eventually Pg B ∧ (∀x y. Pf x ⟶ Pg y ⟶ P x)"
by (intro exI[of _ P] exI[of _ "λx. True"]) auto
qed
lemma eventually_prod2:
assumes "A ≠ bot"
shows "(∀⇩F (x, y) in A ×⇩F B. P y) ⟷ (∀⇩F y in B. P y)"
unfolding eventually_prod_filter
proof safe
fix R Q
assume *: "∀⇩F x in A. R x" "∀⇩F x in B. Q x" "∀x y. R x ⟶ Q y ⟶ P y"
with ‹A ≠ bot› obtain x where "R x" by (auto dest: eventually_happens)
with * show "eventually P B"
by (force elim: eventually_mono)
next
assume "eventually P B"
then show "∃Pf Pg. eventually Pf A ∧ eventually Pg B ∧ (∀x y. Pf x ⟶ Pg y ⟶ P y)"
by (intro exI[of _ P] exI[of _ "λx. True"]) auto
qed
lemma INF_filter_bot_base:
fixes F :: "'a ⇒ 'b filter"
assumes *: "⋀i j. i ∈ I ⟹ j ∈ I ⟹ ∃k∈I. F k ≤ F i ⊓ F j"
shows "(⨅i∈I. F i) = bot ⟷ (∃i∈I. F i = bot)"
proof (cases "∃i∈I. F i = bot")
case True
then have "(⨅i∈I. F i) ≤ bot"
by (auto intro: INF_lower2)
with True show ?thesis
by (auto simp: bot_unique)
next
case False
moreover have "(⨅i∈I. F i) ≠ bot"
proof (cases "I = {}")
case True
then show ?thesis
by (auto simp add: filter_eq_iff)
next
case False': False
show ?thesis
proof (rule INF_filter_not_bot)
fix J
assume "finite J" "J ⊆ I"
then have "∃k∈I. F k ≤ (⨅i∈J. F i)"
proof (induct J)
case empty
then show ?case
using ‹I ≠ {}› by auto
next
case (insert i J)
then obtain k where "k ∈ I" "F k ≤ (⨅i∈J. F i)" by auto
with insert *[of i k] show ?case
by auto
qed
with False show "(⨅i∈J. F i) ≠ ⊥"
by (auto simp: bot_unique)
qed
qed
ultimately show ?thesis
by auto
qed
lemma Collect_empty_eq_bot: "Collect P = {} ⟷ P = ⊥"
by auto
lemma prod_filter_eq_bot: "A ×⇩F B = bot ⟷ A = bot ∨ B = bot"
unfolding trivial_limit_def
proof
assume "∀⇩F x in A ×⇩F B. False"
then obtain Pf Pg
where Pf: "eventually (λx. Pf x) A" and Pg: "eventually (λy. Pg y) B"
and *: "∀x y. Pf x ⟶ Pg y ⟶ False"
unfolding eventually_prod_filter by fast
from * have "(∀x. ¬ Pf x) ∨ (∀y. ¬ Pg y)" by fast
with Pf Pg show "(∀⇩F x in A. False) ∨ (∀⇩F x in B. False)" by auto
next
assume "(∀⇩F x in A. False) ∨ (∀⇩F x in B. False)"
then show "∀⇩F x in A ×⇩F B. False"
unfolding eventually_prod_filter by (force intro: eventually_True)
qed
lemma prod_filter_mono: "F ≤ F' ⟹ G ≤ G' ⟹ F ×⇩F G ≤ F' ×⇩F G'"
by (auto simp: le_filter_def eventually_prod_filter)
lemma prod_filter_mono_iff:
assumes nAB: "A ≠ bot" "B ≠ bot"
shows "A ×⇩F B ≤ C ×⇩F D ⟷ A ≤ C ∧ B ≤ D"
proof safe
assume *: "A ×⇩F B ≤ C ×⇩F D"
with assms have "A ×⇩F B ≠ bot"
by (auto simp: bot_unique prod_filter_eq_bot)
with * have "C ×⇩F D ≠ bot"
by (auto simp: bot_unique)
then have nCD: "C ≠ bot" "D ≠ bot"
by (auto simp: prod_filter_eq_bot)
show "A ≤ C"
proof (rule filter_leI)
fix P assume "eventually P C" with *[THEN filter_leD, of "λ(x, y). P x"] show "eventually P A"
using nAB nCD by (simp add: eventually_prod1 eventually_prod2)
qed
show "B ≤ D"
proof (rule filter_leI)
fix P assume "eventually P D" with *[THEN filter_leD, of "λ(x, y). P y"] show "eventually P B"
using nAB nCD by (simp add: eventually_prod1 eventually_prod2)
qed
qed (intro prod_filter_mono)
lemma eventually_prod_same: "eventually P (F ×⇩F F) ⟷
(∃Q. eventually Q F ∧ (∀x y. Q x ⟶ Q y ⟶ P (x, y)))"
unfolding eventually_prod_filter by (blast intro!: eventually_conj)
lemma eventually_prod_sequentially:
"eventually P (sequentially ×⇩F sequentially) ⟷ (∃N. ∀m ≥ N. ∀n ≥ N. P (n, m))"
unfolding eventually_prod_same eventually_sequentially by auto
lemma principal_prod_principal: "principal A ×⇩F principal B = principal (A × B)"
unfolding filter_eq_iff eventually_prod_filter eventually_principal
by (fast intro: exI[of _ "λx. x ∈ A"] exI[of _ "λx. x ∈ B"])
lemma le_prod_filterI:
"filtermap fst F ≤ A ⟹ filtermap snd F ≤ B ⟹ F ≤ A ×⇩F B"
unfolding le_filter_def eventually_filtermap eventually_prod_filter
by (force elim: eventually_elim2)
lemma filtermap_fst_prod_filter: "filtermap fst (A ×⇩F B) ≤ A"
unfolding le_filter_def eventually_filtermap eventually_prod_filter
by (force intro: eventually_True)
lemma filtermap_snd_prod_filter: "filtermap snd (A ×⇩F B) ≤ B"
unfolding le_filter_def eventually_filtermap eventually_prod_filter
by (force intro: eventually_True)
lemma prod_filter_INF:
assumes "I ≠ {}" and "J ≠ {}"
shows "(⨅i∈I. A i) ×⇩F (⨅j∈J. B j) = (⨅i∈I. ⨅j∈J. A i ×⇩F B j)"
proof (rule antisym)
from ‹I ≠ {}› obtain i where "i ∈ I" by auto
from ‹J ≠ {}› obtain j where "j ∈ J" by auto
show "(⨅i∈I. ⨅j∈J. A i ×⇩F B j) ≤ (⨅i∈I. A i) ×⇩F (⨅j∈J. B j)"
by (fast intro: le_prod_filterI INF_greatest INF_lower2
order_trans[OF filtermap_INF] ‹i ∈ I› ‹j ∈ J›
filtermap_fst_prod_filter filtermap_snd_prod_filter)
show "(⨅i∈I. A i) ×⇩F (⨅j∈J. B j) ≤ (⨅i∈I. ⨅j∈J. A i ×⇩F B j)"
by (intro INF_greatest prod_filter_mono INF_lower)
qed
lemma filtermap_Pair: "filtermap (λx. (f x, g x)) F ≤ filtermap f F ×⇩F filtermap g F"
by (rule le_prod_filterI, simp_all add: filtermap_filtermap)
lemma eventually_prodI: "eventually P F ⟹ eventually Q G ⟹ eventually (λx. P (fst x) ∧ Q (snd x)) (F ×⇩F G)"
unfolding eventually_prod_filter by auto
lemma prod_filter_INF1: "I ≠ {} ⟹ (⨅i∈I. A i) ×⇩F B = (⨅i∈I. A i ×⇩F B)"
using prod_filter_INF[of I "{B}" A "λx. x"] by simp
lemma prod_filter_INF2: "J ≠ {} ⟹ A ×⇩F (⨅i∈J. B i) = (⨅i∈J. A ×⇩F B i)"
using prod_filter_INF[of "{A}" J "λx. x" B] by simp
lemma prod_filtermap1: "prod_filter (filtermap f F) G = filtermap (apfst f) (prod_filter F G)"
unfolding filter_eq_iff eventually_filtermap eventually_prod_filter
apply safe
subgoal by auto
subgoal for P Q R by(rule exI[where x="λy. ∃x. y = f x ∧ Q x"])(auto intro: eventually_mono)
done
lemma prod_filtermap2: "prod_filter F (filtermap g G) = filtermap (apsnd g) (prod_filter F G)"
unfolding filter_eq_iff eventually_filtermap eventually_prod_filter
apply safe
subgoal by auto
subgoal for P Q R by(auto intro: exI[where x="λy. ∃x. y = g x ∧ R x"] eventually_mono)
done
lemma prod_filter_assoc:
"prod_filter (prod_filter F G) H = filtermap (λ(x, y, z). ((x, y), z)) (prod_filter F (prod_filter G H))"
apply(clarsimp simp add: filter_eq_iff eventually_filtermap eventually_prod_filter; safe)
subgoal for P Q R S T by(auto 4 4 intro: exI[where x="λ(a, b). T a ∧ S b"])
subgoal for P Q R S T by(auto 4 3 intro: exI[where x="λ(a, b). Q a ∧ S b"])
done
lemma prod_filter_principal_singleton: "prod_filter (principal {x}) F = filtermap (Pair x) F"
by(fastforce simp add: filter_eq_iff eventually_prod_filter eventually_principal eventually_filtermap elim: eventually_mono intro: exI[where x="λa. a = x"])
lemma prod_filter_principal_singleton2: "prod_filter F (principal {x}) = filtermap (λa. (a, x)) F"
by(fastforce simp add: filter_eq_iff eventually_prod_filter eventually_principal eventually_filtermap elim: eventually_mono intro: exI[where x="λa. a = x"])
lemma prod_filter_commute: "prod_filter F G = filtermap prod.swap (prod_filter G F)"
by(auto simp add: filter_eq_iff eventually_prod_filter eventually_filtermap)
subsection ‹Limits›
definition filterlim :: "('a ⇒ 'b) ⇒ 'b filter ⇒ 'a filter ⇒ bool" where
"filterlim f F2 F1 ⟷ filtermap f F1 ≤ F2"
syntax
"_LIM" :: "pttrns ⇒ 'a ⇒ 'b ⇒ 'a ⇒ bool" (‹(‹indent=3 notation=‹binder LIM››LIM (_)/ (_)./ (_) :> (_))› [1000, 10, 0, 10] 10)
syntax_consts
"_LIM" == filterlim
translations
"LIM x F1. f :> F2" == "CONST filterlim (λx. f) F2 F1"
lemma filterlim_filtercomapI: "filterlim f F G ⟹ filterlim (λx. f (g x)) F (filtercomap g G)"
unfolding filterlim_def
by (metis order_trans filtermap_filtercomap filtermap_filtermap filtermap_mono)
lemma filterlim_top [simp]: "filterlim f top F"
by (simp add: filterlim_def)
lemma filterlim_iff:
"(LIM x F1. f x :> F2) ⟷ (∀P. eventually P F2 ⟶ eventually (λx. P (f x)) F1)"
unfolding filterlim_def le_filter_def eventually_filtermap ..
lemma filterlim_compose:
"filterlim g F3 F2 ⟹ filterlim f F2 F1 ⟹ filterlim (λx. g (f x)) F3 F1"
unfolding filterlim_def filtermap_filtermap[symmetric] by (metis filtermap_mono order_trans)
lemma filterlim_mono:
"filterlim f F2 F1 ⟹ F2 ≤ F2' ⟹ F1' ≤ F1 ⟹ filterlim f F2' F1'"
unfolding filterlim_def by (metis filtermap_mono order_trans)
lemma filterlim_ident: "LIM x F. x :> F"
by (simp add: filterlim_def filtermap_ident)
lemma filterlim_cong:
"F1 = F1' ⟹ F2 = F2' ⟹ eventually (λx. f x = g x) F2 ⟹ filterlim f F1 F2 = filterlim g F1' F2'"
by (auto simp: filterlim_def le_filter_def eventually_filtermap elim: eventually_elim2)
lemma filterlim_mono_eventually:
assumes "filterlim f F G" and ord: "F ≤ F'" "G' ≤ G"
assumes eq: "eventually (λx. f x = f' x) G'"
shows "filterlim f' F' G'"
proof -
have "filterlim f F' G'"
by (simp add: filterlim_mono[OF _ ord] assms)
then show ?thesis
by (rule filterlim_cong[OF refl refl eq, THEN iffD1])
qed
lemma filtermap_mono_strong: "inj f ⟹ filtermap f F ≤ filtermap f G ⟷ F ≤ G"
apply (safe intro!: filtermap_mono)
apply (auto simp: le_filter_def eventually_filtermap)
apply (erule_tac x="λx. P (inv f x)" in allE)
apply auto
done
lemma eventually_compose_filterlim:
assumes "eventually P F" "filterlim f F G"
shows "eventually (λx. P (f x)) G"
using assms by (simp add: filterlim_iff)
lemma filtermap_eq_strong: "inj f ⟹ filtermap f F = filtermap f G ⟷ F = G"
by (simp add: filtermap_mono_strong eq_iff)
lemma filtermap_fun_inverse:
assumes g: "filterlim g F G"
assumes f: "filterlim f G F"
assumes ev: "eventually (λx. f (g x) = x) G"
shows "filtermap f F = G"
proof (rule antisym)
show "filtermap f F ≤ G"
using f unfolding filterlim_def .
have "G = filtermap f (filtermap g G)"
using ev by (auto elim: eventually_elim2 simp: filter_eq_iff eventually_filtermap)
also have "… ≤ filtermap f F"
using g by (intro filtermap_mono) (simp add: filterlim_def)
finally show "G ≤ filtermap f F" .
qed
lemma filterlim_principal:
"(LIM x F. f x :> principal S) ⟷ (eventually (λx. f x ∈ S) F)"
unfolding filterlim_def eventually_filtermap le_principal ..
lemma filterlim_filtercomap [intro]: "filterlim f F (filtercomap f F)"
unfolding filterlim_def by (rule filtermap_filtercomap)
lemma filterlim_inf:
"(LIM x F1. f x :> inf F2 F3) ⟷ ((LIM x F1. f x :> F2) ∧ (LIM x F1. f x :> F3))"
unfolding filterlim_def by simp
lemma filterlim_INF:
"(LIM x F. f x :> (⨅b∈B. G b)) ⟷ (∀b∈B. LIM x F. f x :> G b)"
unfolding filterlim_def le_INF_iff ..
lemma filterlim_INF_INF:
"(⋀m. m ∈ J ⟹ ∃i∈I. filtermap f (F i) ≤ G m) ⟹ LIM x (⨅i∈I. F i). f x :> (⨅j∈J. G j)"
unfolding filterlim_def by (rule order_trans[OF filtermap_INF INF_mono])
lemma filterlim_INF': "x ∈ A ⟹ filterlim f F (G x) ⟹ filterlim f F (⨅ x∈A. G x)"
unfolding filterlim_def by (rule order.trans[OF filtermap_mono[OF INF_lower]])
lemma filterlim_filtercomap_iff: "filterlim f (filtercomap g G) F ⟷ filterlim (g ∘ f) G F"
by (simp add: filterlim_def filtermap_le_iff_le_filtercomap filtercomap_filtercomap o_def)
lemma filterlim_iff_le_filtercomap: "filterlim f F G ⟷ G ≤ filtercomap f F"
by (simp add: filterlim_def filtermap_le_iff_le_filtercomap)
lemma filterlim_base:
"(⋀m x. m ∈ J ⟹ i m ∈ I) ⟹ (⋀m x. m ∈ J ⟹ x ∈ F (i m) ⟹ f x ∈ G m) ⟹
LIM x (⨅i∈I. principal (F i)). f x :> (⨅j∈J. principal (G j))"
by (force intro!: filterlim_INF_INF simp: image_subset_iff)
lemma filterlim_base_iff:
assumes "I ≠ {}" and chain: "⋀i j. i ∈ I ⟹ j ∈ I ⟹ F i ⊆ F j ∨ F j ⊆ F i"
shows "(LIM x (⨅i∈I. principal (F i)). f x :> ⨅j∈J. principal (G j)) ⟷
(∀j∈J. ∃i∈I. ∀x∈F i. f x ∈ G j)"
unfolding filterlim_INF filterlim_principal
proof (subst eventually_INF_base)
fix i j assume "i ∈ I" "j ∈ I"
with chain[OF this] show "∃x∈I. principal (F x) ≤ inf (principal (F i)) (principal (F j))"
by auto
qed (auto simp: eventually_principal ‹I ≠ {}›)
lemma filterlim_filtermap: "filterlim f F1 (filtermap g F2) = filterlim (λx. f (g x)) F1 F2"
unfolding filterlim_def filtermap_filtermap ..
lemma filterlim_sup:
"filterlim f F F1 ⟹ filterlim f F F2 ⟹ filterlim f F (sup F1 F2)"
unfolding filterlim_def filtermap_sup by auto
lemma filterlim_sequentially_Suc:
"(LIM x sequentially. f (Suc x) :> F) ⟷ (LIM x sequentially. f x :> F)"
unfolding filterlim_iff by (subst eventually_sequentially_Suc) simp
lemma filterlim_Suc: "filterlim Suc sequentially sequentially"
by (simp add: filterlim_iff eventually_sequentially)
lemma filterlim_If:
"LIM x inf F (principal {x. P x}). f x :> G ⟹
LIM x inf F (principal {x. ¬ P x}). g x :> G ⟹
LIM x F. if P x then f x else g x :> G"
unfolding filterlim_iff eventually_inf_principal by (auto simp: eventually_conj_iff)
lemma filterlim_Pair:
"LIM x F. f x :> G ⟹ LIM x F. g x :> H ⟹ LIM x F. (f x, g x) :> G ×⇩F H"
unfolding filterlim_def
by (rule order_trans[OF filtermap_Pair prod_filter_mono])
subsection ‹Limits to \<^const>‹at_top› and \<^const>‹at_bot››
lemma filterlim_at_top:
fixes f :: "'a ⇒ ('b::linorder)"
shows "(LIM x F. f x :> at_top) ⟷ (∀Z. eventually (λx. Z ≤ f x) F)"
by (auto simp: filterlim_iff eventually_at_top_linorder elim!: eventually_mono)
lemma filterlim_at_top_mono:
"LIM x F. f x :> at_top ⟹ eventually (λx. f x ≤ (g x::'a::linorder)) F ⟹
LIM x F. g x :> at_top"
by (auto simp: filterlim_at_top elim: eventually_elim2 intro: order_trans)
lemma filterlim_at_top_dense:
fixes f :: "'a ⇒ ('b::unbounded_dense_linorder)"
shows "(LIM x F. f x :> at_top) ⟷ (∀Z. eventually (λx. Z < f x) F)"
by (metis eventually_mono[of _ F] eventually_gt_at_top order_less_imp_le
filterlim_at_top[of f F] filterlim_iff[of f at_top F])
lemma filterlim_at_top_ge:
fixes f :: "'a ⇒ ('b::linorder)" and c :: "'b"
shows "(LIM x F. f x :> at_top) ⟷ (∀Z≥c. eventually (λx. Z ≤ f x) F)"
unfolding at_top_sub[of c] filterlim_INF by (auto simp add: filterlim_principal)
lemma filterlim_at_top_at_top:
fixes f :: "'a::linorder ⇒ 'b::linorder"
assumes mono: "⋀x y. Q x ⟹ Q y ⟹ x ≤ y ⟹ f x ≤ f y"
assumes bij: "⋀x. P x ⟹ f (g x) = x" "⋀x. P x ⟹ Q (g x)"
assumes Q: "eventually Q at_top"
assumes P: "eventually P at_top"
shows "filterlim f at_top at_top"
proof -
from P obtain x where x: "⋀y.