Theory upair

(*  Title:      ZF/upair.thy
    Author:     Lawrence C Paulson and Martin D Coen, CU Computer Laboratory
    Copyright   1993  University of Cambridge

Observe the order of dependence:
    Upair is defined in terms of Replace
    ∪ is defined in terms of Upair and ⋃(similarly for Int)
    cons is defined in terms of Upair and Un
    Ordered pairs and descriptions are defined using cons ("set notation")
*)

section‹Unordered Pairs›

theory upair
imports ZF_Base
keywords "print_tcset" :: diag
begin

ML_file ‹Tools/typechk.ML›


subsection‹Unordered Pairs: constant termUpair

lemma Upair_iff [simp]: "c  Upair(a,b)  (c=a | c=b)"
by (unfold Upair_def, blast)

lemma UpairI1: "a  Upair(a,b)"
by simp

lemma UpairI2: "b  Upair(a,b)"
by simp

lemma UpairE: "a  Upair(b,c);  a=b  P;  a=c  P  P"
by (simp, blast)

subsection‹Rules for Binary Union, Defined via termUpair

lemma Un_iff [simp]: "c  A  B  (c  A | c  B)"
apply (simp add: Un_def)
apply (blast intro: UpairI1 UpairI2 elim: UpairE)
done

lemma UnI1: "c  A  c  A  B"
by simp

lemma UnI2: "c  B  c  A  B"
by simp

declare UnI1 [elim?]  UnI2 [elim?]

lemma UnE [elim!]: "c  A  B;  c  A  P;  c  B  P  P"
by (simp, blast)

(*Stronger version of the rule above*)
lemma UnE': "c  A  B;  c  A  P;  c  B;  cA  P  P"
by (simp, blast)

(*Classical introduction rule: no commitment to A vs B*)
lemma UnCI [intro!]: "(c  B  c  A)  c  A  B"
by (simp, blast)

subsection‹Rules for Binary Intersection, Defined via termUpair

lemma Int_iff [simp]: "c  A  B  (c  A  c  B)"
  unfolding Int_def
apply (blast intro: UpairI1 UpairI2 elim: UpairE)
done

lemma IntI [intro!]: "c  A;  c  B  c  A  B"
by simp

lemma IntD1: "c  A  B  c  A"
by simp

lemma IntD2: "c  A  B  c  B"
by simp

lemma IntE [elim!]: "c  A  B;  c  A; c  B  P  P"
by simp


subsection‹Rules for Set Difference, Defined via termUpair

lemma Diff_iff [simp]: "c  A-B  (c  A  cB)"
by (unfold Diff_def, blast)

lemma DiffI [intro!]: "c  A;  c  B  c  A - B"
by simp

lemma DiffD1: "c  A - B  c  A"
by simp

lemma DiffD2: "c  A - B  c  B"
by simp

lemma DiffE [elim!]: "c  A - B;  c  A; cB  P  P"
by simp


subsection‹Rules for termcons

lemma cons_iff [simp]: "a  cons(b,A)  (a=b | a  A)"
  unfolding cons_def
apply (blast intro: UpairI1 UpairI2 elim: UpairE)
done

(*risky as a typechecking rule, but solves otherwise unconstrained goals of
the form x ∈ ?A*)
lemma consI1 [simp,TC]: "a  cons(a,B)"
by simp


lemma consI2: "a  B  a  cons(b,B)"
by simp

lemma consE [elim!]: "a  cons(b,A);  a=b  P;  a  A  P  P"
by (simp, blast)

(*Stronger version of the rule above*)
lemma consE':
    "a  cons(b,A);  a=b  P;  a  A;  ab  P  P"
by (simp, blast)

(*Classical introduction rule*)
lemma consCI [intro!]: "(aB  a=b)  a  cons(b,B)"
by (simp, blast)

lemma cons_not_0 [simp]: "cons(a,B)  0"
by (blast elim: equalityE)

lemmas cons_neq_0 = cons_not_0 [THEN notE]

declare cons_not_0 [THEN not_sym, simp]


subsection‹Singletons›

lemma singleton_iff: "a  {b}  a=b"
by simp

lemma singletonI [intro!]: "a  {a}"
by (rule consI1)

lemmas singletonE = singleton_iff [THEN iffD1, elim_format, elim!]


subsection‹Descriptions›

lemma the_equality [intro]:
    "P(a);  x. P(x)  x=a  (THE x. P(x)) = a"
  unfolding the_def
apply (fast dest: subst)
done

(* Only use this if you already know ∃!x. P(x) *)
lemma the_equality2: "∃!x. P(x);  P(a)  (THE x. P(x)) = a"
by blast

lemma theI: "∃!x. P(x)  P(THE x. P(x))"
apply (erule ex1E)
apply (subst the_equality)
apply (blast+)
done

(*No congruence rule is necessary: if @{term"∀y.P(y)⟷Q(y)"} then
  @{term "THE x.P(x)"}  rewrites to @{term "THE x.Q(x)"} *)

(*If it's "undefined", it's zero!*)
lemma the_0: "¬ (∃!x. P(x))  (THE x. P(x))=0"
  unfolding the_def
apply (blast elim!: ReplaceE)
done

(*Easier to apply than theI: conclusion has only one occurrence of P*)
lemma theI2:
    assumes p1: "¬ Q(0)  ∃!x. P(x)"
        and p2: "x. P(x)  Q(x)"
    shows "Q(THE x. P(x))"
apply (rule classical)
apply (rule p2)
apply (rule theI)
apply (rule classical)
apply (rule p1)
apply (erule the_0 [THEN subst], assumption)
done

lemma the_eq_trivial [simp]: "(THE x. x = a) = a"
by blast

lemma the_eq_trivial2 [simp]: "(THE x. a = x) = a"
by blast


subsection‹Conditional Terms: if-then-else›

lemma if_true [simp]: "(if True then a else b) = a"
by (unfold if_def, blast)

lemma if_false [simp]: "(if False then a else b) = b"
by (unfold if_def, blast)

(*Never use with case splitting, or if P is known to be true or false*)
lemma if_cong:
    "PQ;  Q  a=c;  ¬Q  b=d
      (if P then a else b) = (if Q then c else d)"
by (simp add: if_def cong add: conj_cong)

(*Prevents simplification of x and y ∈ faster and allows the execution
  of functional programs. NOW THE DEFAULT.*)
lemma if_weak_cong: "PQ  (if P then x else y) = (if Q then x else y)"
by simp

(*Not needed for rewriting, since P would rewrite to True anyway*)
lemma if_P: "P  (if P then a else b) = a"
by (unfold if_def, blast)

(*Not needed for rewriting, since P would rewrite to False anyway*)
lemma if_not_P: "¬P  (if P then a else b) = b"
by (unfold if_def, blast)

lemma split_if [split]:
     "P(if Q then x else y)  ((Q  P(x))  (¬Q  P(y)))"
by (case_tac Q, simp_all)

(** Rewrite rules for boolean case-splitting: faster than split_if [split]
**)

lemmas split_if_eq1 = split_if [of "λx. x = b"] for b
lemmas split_if_eq2 = split_if [of "λx. a = x"] for a

lemmas split_if_mem1 = split_if [of "λx. x  b"] for b
lemmas split_if_mem2 = split_if [of "λx. a  x"] for a

lemmas split_ifs = split_if_eq1 split_if_eq2 split_if_mem1 split_if_mem2

(*Logically equivalent to split_if_mem2*)
lemma if_iff: "a: (if P then x else y)  P  a  x | ¬P  a  y"
by simp

lemma if_type [TC]:
    "P  a  A;  ¬P  b  A  (if P then a else b): A"
by simp

(** Splitting IFs in the assumptions **)

lemma split_if_asm: "P(if Q then x else y)  (¬((Q  ¬P(x)) | (¬Q  ¬P(y))))"
by simp

lemmas if_splits = split_if split_if_asm


subsection‹Consequences of Foundation›

(*was called mem_anti_sym*)
lemma mem_asym: "a  b;  ¬P  b  a  P"
apply (rule classical)
apply (rule_tac A1 = "{a,b}" in foundation [THEN disjE])
apply (blast elim!: equalityE)+
done

(*was called mem_anti_refl*)
lemma mem_irrefl: "a  a  P"
by (blast intro: mem_asym)

(*mem_irrefl should NOT be added to default databases:
      it would be tried on most goals, making proofs slower!*)

lemma mem_not_refl: "a  a"
apply (rule notI)
apply (erule mem_irrefl)
done

(*Good for proving inequalities by rewriting*)
lemma mem_imp_not_eq: "a  A  a  A"
by (blast elim!: mem_irrefl)

lemma eq_imp_not_mem: "a=A  a  A"
by (blast intro: elim: mem_irrefl)

subsection‹Rules for Successor›

lemma succ_iff: "i  succ(j)  i=j | i  j"
by (unfold succ_def, blast)

lemma succI1 [simp]: "i  succ(i)"
by (simp add: succ_iff)

lemma succI2: "i  j  i  succ(j)"
by (simp add: succ_iff)

lemma succE [elim!]:
    "i  succ(j);  i=j  P;  i  j  P  P"
apply (simp add: succ_iff, blast)
done

(*Classical introduction rule*)
lemma succCI [intro!]: "(ij  i=j)  i  succ(j)"
by (simp add: succ_iff, blast)

lemma succ_not_0 [simp]: "succ(n)  0"
by (blast elim!: equalityE)

lemmas succ_neq_0 = succ_not_0 [THEN notE, elim!]

declare succ_not_0 [THEN not_sym, simp]
declare sym [THEN succ_neq_0, elim!]

(* @{term"succ(c) ⊆ B ⟹ c ∈ B"} *)
lemmas succ_subsetD = succI1 [THEN [2] subsetD]

(* @{term"succ(b) ≠ b"} *)
lemmas succ_neq_self = succI1 [THEN mem_imp_not_eq, THEN not_sym]

lemma succ_inject_iff [simp]: "succ(m) = succ(n)  m=n"
by (blast elim: mem_asym elim!: equalityE)

lemmas succ_inject = succ_inject_iff [THEN iffD1, dest!]


subsection‹Miniscoping of the Bounded Universal Quantifier›

lemma ball_simps1:
     "(xA. P(x)  Q)    (xA. P(x))  (A=0 | Q)"
     "(xA. P(x) | Q)    ((xA. P(x)) | Q)"
     "(xA. P(x)  Q)  ((xA. P(x))  Q)"
     "(¬(xA. P(x)))  (xA. ¬P(x))"
     "(x0.P(x))  True"
     "(xsucc(i).P(x))  P(i)  (xi. P(x))"
     "(xcons(a,B).P(x))  P(a)  (xB. P(x))"
     "(xRepFun(A,f). P(x))  (yA. P(f(y)))"
     "(x(A).P(x))  (yA. xy. P(x))"
by blast+

lemma ball_simps2:
     "(xA. P  Q(x))    (A=0 | P)  (xA. Q(x))"
     "(xA. P | Q(x))    (P | (xA. Q(x)))"
     "(xA. P  Q(x))  (P  (xA. Q(x)))"
by blast+

lemma ball_simps3:
     "(xCollect(A,Q).P(x))  (xA. Q(x)  P(x))"
by blast+

lemmas ball_simps [simp] = ball_simps1 ball_simps2 ball_simps3

lemma ball_conj_distrib:
    "(xA. P(x)  Q(x))  ((xA. P(x))  (xA. Q(x)))"
by blast


subsection‹Miniscoping of the Bounded Existential Quantifier›

lemma bex_simps1:
     "(xA. P(x)  Q)  ((xA. P(x))  Q)"
     "(xA. P(x) | Q)  (xA. P(x)) | (A0  Q)"
     "(xA. P(x)  Q)  ((xA. P(x))  (A0  Q))"
     "(x0.P(x))  False"
     "(xsucc(i).P(x))  P(i) | (xi. P(x))"
     "(xcons(a,B).P(x))  P(a) | (xB. P(x))"
     "(xRepFun(A,f). P(x))  (yA. P(f(y)))"
     "(x(A).P(x))  (yA. xy.  P(x))"
     "(¬(xA. P(x)))  (xA. ¬P(x))"
by blast+

lemma bex_simps2:
     "(xA. P  Q(x))  (P  (xA. Q(x)))"
     "(xA. P | Q(x))  (A0  P) | (xA. Q(x))"
     "(xA. P  Q(x))  ((A=0 | P)  (xA. Q(x)))"
by blast+

lemma bex_simps3:
     "(xCollect(A,Q).P(x))  (xA. Q(x)  P(x))"
by blast

lemmas bex_simps [simp] = bex_simps1 bex_simps2 bex_simps3

lemma bex_disj_distrib:
    "(xA. P(x) | Q(x))  ((xA. P(x)) | (xA. Q(x)))"
by blast


(** One-point rule for bounded quantifiers: see HOL/Set.ML **)

lemma bex_triv_one_point1 [simp]: "(xA. x=a)  (a  A)"
by blast

lemma bex_triv_one_point2 [simp]: "(xA. a=x)  (a  A)"
by blast

lemma bex_one_point1 [simp]: "(xA. x=a  P(x))  (a  A  P(a))"
by blast

lemma bex_one_point2 [simp]: "(xA. a=x  P(x))  (a  A  P(a))"
by blast

lemma ball_one_point1 [simp]: "(xA. x=a  P(x))  (a  A  P(a))"
by blast

lemma ball_one_point2 [simp]: "(xA. a=x  P(x))  (a  A  P(a))"
by blast


subsection‹Miniscoping of the Replacement Operator›

text‹These cover both termReplace and termCollect
lemma Rep_simps [simp]:
     "{x. y  0, R(x,y)} = 0"
     "{x  0. P(x)} = 0"
     "{x  A. Q} = (if Q then A else 0)"
     "RepFun(0,f) = 0"
     "RepFun(succ(i),f) = cons(f(i), RepFun(i,f))"
     "RepFun(cons(a,B),f) = cons(f(a), RepFun(B,f))"
by (simp_all, blast+)


subsection‹Miniscoping of Unions›

lemma UN_simps1:
     "(xC. cons(a, B(x))) = (if C=0 then 0 else cons(a, xC. B(x)))"
     "(xC. A(x)  B')   = (if C=0 then 0 else (xC. A(x))  B')"
     "(xC. A'  B(x))   = (if C=0 then 0 else A'  (xC. B(x)))"
     "(xC. A(x)  B')  = ((xC. A(x))  B')"
     "(xC. A'  B(x))  = (A'  (xC. B(x)))"
     "(xC. A(x) - B')    = ((xC. A(x)) - B')"
     "(xC. A' - B(x))    = (if C=0 then 0 else A' - (xC. B(x)))"
apply (simp_all add: Inter_def)
apply (blast intro!: equalityI )+
done

lemma UN_simps2:
      "(x(A). B(x)) = (yA. xy. B(x))"
      "(z(xA. B(x)). C(z)) = (xA. zB(x). C(z))"
      "(xRepFun(A,f). B(x))     = (aA. B(f(a)))"
by blast+

lemmas UN_simps [simp] = UN_simps1 UN_simps2

text‹Opposite of miniscoping: pull the operator out›

lemma UN_extend_simps1:
     "(xC. A(x))  B   = (if C=0 then B else (xC. A(x)  B))"
     "((xC. A(x))  B) = (xC. A(x)  B)"
     "((xC. A(x)) - B) = (xC. A(x) - B)"
apply simp_all
apply blast+
done

lemma UN_extend_simps2:
     "cons(a, xC. B(x)) = (if C=0 then {a} else (xC. cons(a, B(x))))"
     "A  (xC. B(x))   = (if C=0 then A else (xC. A  B(x)))"
     "(A  (xC. B(x))) = (xC. A  B(x))"
     "A - (xC. B(x))    = (if C=0 then A else (xC. A - B(x)))"
     "(yA. xy. B(x)) = (x(A). B(x))"
     "(aA. B(f(a))) = (xRepFun(A,f). B(x))"
apply (simp_all add: Inter_def)
apply (blast intro!: equalityI)+
done

lemma UN_UN_extend:
     "(xA. zB(x). C(z)) = (z(xA. B(x)). C(z))"
by blast

lemmas UN_extend_simps = UN_extend_simps1 UN_extend_simps2 UN_UN_extend


subsection‹Miniscoping of Intersections›

lemma INT_simps1:
     "(xC. A(x)  B) = (xC. A(x))  B"
     "(xC. A(x) - B)   = (xC. A(x)) - B"
     "(xC. A(x)  B)  = (if C=0 then 0 else (xC. A(x))  B)"
by (simp_all add: Inter_def, blast+)

lemma INT_simps2:
     "(xC. A  B(x)) = A  (xC. B(x))"
     "(xC. A - B(x))   = (if C=0 then 0 else A - (xC. B(x)))"
     "(xC. cons(a, B(x))) = (if C=0 then 0 else cons(a, xC. B(x)))"
     "(xC. A  B(x))  = (if C=0 then 0 else A  (xC. B(x)))"
apply (simp_all add: Inter_def)
apply (blast intro!: equalityI)+
done

lemmas INT_simps [simp] = INT_simps1 INT_simps2

text‹Opposite of miniscoping: pull the operator out›


lemma INT_extend_simps1:
     "(xC. A(x))  B = (xC. A(x)  B)"
     "(xC. A(x)) - B = (xC. A(x) - B)"
     "(xC. A(x))  B  = (if C=0 then B else (xC. A(x)  B))"
apply (simp_all add: Inter_def, blast+)
done

lemma INT_extend_simps2:
     "A  (xC. B(x)) = (xC. A  B(x))"
     "A - (xC. B(x))   = (if C=0 then A else (xC. A - B(x)))"
     "cons(a, xC. B(x)) = (if C=0 then {a} else (xC. cons(a, B(x))))"
     "A  (xC. B(x))  = (if C=0 then A else (xC. A  B(x)))"
apply (simp_all add: Inter_def)
apply (blast intro!: equalityI)+
done

lemmas INT_extend_simps = INT_extend_simps1 INT_extend_simps2


subsection‹Other simprules›


(*** Miniscoping: pushing in big Unions, Intersections, quantifiers, etc. ***)

lemma misc_simps [simp]:
     "0  A = A"
     "A  0 = A"
     "0  A = 0"
     "A  0 = 0"
     "0 - A = 0"
     "A - 0 = A"
     "(0) = 0"
     "(cons(b,A)) = b  (A)"
     "({b}) = b"
by blast+

end