Theory RatPower
theory RatPower
imports HOL.NthRoot
begin
section ‹Rational Exponents›
text‹A few lemmas about nth-root.›
lemma real_root_mult_exp_cancel:
"⟦ 0 < x; 0 < m; 0 < n ⟧
⟹ root (m * n) (x ^ (k * n)) = root m (x ^ k)"
by (simp add: power_mult real_root_pos_unique)
lemma real_root_mult_exp_cancel1:
"⟦ 0 < x; 0 < n ⟧ ⟹ root n (x ^ (k * n)) = x ^ k"
by (auto dest: real_root_mult_exp_cancel [of _ 1])
lemma real_root_mult_exp_cancel2:
"⟦ 0 < x; 0 < m; 0 < n ⟧
⟹ root (n * m) (x ^ (n * k)) = root m (x ^ k)"
by (simp add: mult.commute real_root_mult_exp_cancel)
lemma real_root_mult_exp_cancel3:
"⟦ 0 < x; 0 < n ⟧ ⟹ root n (x ^ (n * k)) = x ^ k"
by (auto dest: real_root_mult_exp_cancel2 [of _ 1])
text‹Definition of rational exponents,›
definition
powrat :: "[real,rat] => real" (infixr "pow⇩ℚ" 80) where
"x pow⇩ℚ r = (if r > 0
then root (nat (snd(quotient_of r)))
(x ^ (nat (fst(quotient_of r))))
else root (nat (snd(quotient_of r)))
(1/x ^ (nat (- fst(quotient_of r)))))"
declare quotient_of_denom_pos' [simp]
lemma powrat_one_eq_one [simp]: "1 pow⇩ℚ a = 1"
by (simp add: powrat_def)
lemma powrat_zero_eq_one [simp]: "x pow⇩ℚ 0 = 1"
by (simp add: powrat_def)
lemma powrat_one [simp]: "x pow⇩ℚ 1 = x"
by (simp add: powrat_def)
lemma powrat_mult_base:
"(x * y) pow⇩ℚ r = (x pow⇩ℚ r) * (y pow⇩ℚ r)"
proof (cases r)
case (Fract a b)
then show ?thesis
using powrat_def quotient_of_Fract real_root_mult [symmetric]
power_mult_distrib by fastforce
qed
lemma powrat_divide:
"(x / y) pow⇩ℚ r = (x pow⇩ℚ r)/(y pow⇩ℚ r)"
proof (cases r)
case (Fract a b)
then show ?thesis
using powrat_def quotient_of_Fract real_root_divide [symmetric]
power_divide by fastforce
qed
lemma powrat_zero_base [simp]:
assumes "r ≠ 0" shows "0 pow⇩ℚ r = 0"
proof (cases r)
case (Fract a b)
then show ?thesis
proof (cases "a > 0")
case True
then show ?thesis
using Fract powrat_def quotient_of_Fract zero_less_Fract_iff
by simp
next
case False
then have "a ≠ 0"
using Fract(1) assms rat_number_collapse(1) by blast
then
show ?thesis
using Fract powrat_def quotient_of_Fract zero_less_Fract_iff
by auto
qed
qed
lemma powrat_inverse:
"(inverse y) pow⇩ℚ r = inverse(y pow⇩ℚ r)"
proof (cases "r=0")
case True
then show ?thesis by simp
next
case False
then show ?thesis
by (simp add: inverse_eq_divide powrat_divide)
qed
lemma powrat_minus:
"x pow⇩ℚ (-r) = inverse (x pow⇩ℚ r)"
proof (cases r)
case (Fract a b)
then show ?thesis
by (auto simp add: powrat_def divide_inverse real_root_inverse
quotient_of_Fract zero_less_Fract_iff)
qed
lemma powrat_gt_zero:
assumes "x > 0" shows "x pow⇩ℚ r > 0"
proof (cases r)
case (Fract a b)
then show ?thesis
by (simp add: assms powrat_def)
qed
lemma powrat_not_zero:
assumes "x ≠ 0" shows "x pow⇩ℚ r ≠ 0"
proof (cases r)
case (Fract a b)
then show ?thesis
by (simp add: assms powrat_def)
qed
lemma gcd_add_mult_commute: "gcd (m::'a::semiring_gcd) (n + k * m) = gcd m n"
by (metis add.commute gcd_add_mult)
lemma coprime_add_mult_iff1 [simp]:
"coprime (n + k * m) (m::'a::semiring_gcd) = coprime n m"
by (simp add: coprime_iff_gcd_eq_1 gcd.commute gcd_add_mult_commute)
lemma coprime_add_mult_iff2 [simp]:
"coprime (k * m + n) (m::'a::semiring_gcd) = coprime n m"
by (simp add: add.commute)
lemma gcd_mult_div_cancel_left1 [simp]:
"gcd a b * (a div gcd a b) = (a::'a::semiring_gcd)"
by simp
lemma gcd_mult_div_cancel_left2 [simp]:
"gcd b a * (a div gcd b a) = (a::'a::semiring_gcd)"
by simp
lemma gcd_mult_div_cancel_right1 [simp]:
"(a div gcd a b) * gcd a b = (a::'a::semiring_gcd)"
by simp
lemma gcd_mult_div_cancel_right2 [simp]:
"(a div gcd b a) * gcd b a = (a::'a::semiring_gcd)"
by simp
lemma real_root_normalize_cancel:
assumes "0 < x" and "a ≠ 0" and "b > 0"
shows "root (nat(snd(Rat.normalize(a,b))))
(x ^ nat(fst(Rat.normalize(a,b)))) =
root (nat b) (x ^ (nat a))"
proof -
have "root (nat (b div gcd a b)) (x ^ nat (a div gcd a b)) =
root (nat b) (x ^ nat a)"
proof (cases "coprime a b")
case True
then show ?thesis by simp
next
case False
have "0 < gcd a b"
using assms(2) gcd_pos_int by blast
then have "nat (gcd a b) > 0"
by linarith
moreover have "nat (b div gcd a b) > 0"
using nonneg1_imp_zdiv_pos_iff assms(3) by auto
moreover
have "root (nat b) (x ^ nat a) =
root (nat (gcd a b * (b div gcd a b)))
(x ^ nat (gcd a b * (a div gcd a b)))"
by simp
ultimately show ?thesis
using assms(1) gcd_ge_0_int nat_mult_distrib real_root_mult_exp_cancel2
by presburger
qed
then show ?thesis
by (metis assms(3) fst_conv normalize_def snd_conv)
qed
lemma powrat_add_pos:
assumes "0 < x" and "0 < r" and "0 < s"
shows "x pow⇩ℚ (r + s) = (x pow⇩ℚ r) * (x pow⇩ℚ s)"
proof (cases r)
case (Fract a b)
assume b0: "b > 0" and rf: "r = Fract a b"
then have a0: "a > 0"
using Fract(1) assms(2) zero_less_Fract_iff by blast
then show ?thesis
proof (cases s)
case (Fract c d)
assume d0: "d > 0" and sf: "s = Fract c d"
then have c0: "c > 0"
using assms(3) zero_less_Fract_iff by blast
then have bd0: "b * d > 0"
using b0 zero_less_mult_iff Fract(2) by blast
then show ?thesis
proof (cases "a * d > 0 ∧ c * b > 0")
case True
assume abcd: "a * d > 0 ∧ c * b > 0"
then have adcb0: "a * d + c * b > 0" by simp
have "x ^ nat (a * d + c * b) =
((x ^ (nat a)) ^ nat d) * (x ^ (nat c)) ^ nat b"
using abcd nat_mult_distrib nat_add_distrib
zero_less_Fract_iff Fract(3) a0 c0
by (simp add: power_mult power_add)
then have "root (nat b)
(root (nat d)
(x ^ nat (a * d + c * b))) =
root (nat b)
(root (nat d)
(((x ^ (nat a)) ^ nat d) * (x ^ (nat c)) ^ nat b))"
by simp
also have "... = root (nat b)
(root (nat d) ((x ^ (nat a)) ^ nat d) *
root (nat d) ((x ^ (nat c)) ^ nat b))"
by (simp add: Fract(2) real_root_mult)
also have "... = root (nat b)
(root (nat d) ((x ^ (nat a)) ^ nat d)) *
root (nat b)
(root (nat d) ((x ^ (nat c)) ^ nat b))"
using real_root_mult by blast
also have "... = root (nat b) (x ^ (nat a)) *
root (nat b)
(root (nat d) ((x ^ (nat c)) ^ nat b))"
using real_root_power_cancel Fract(2) zero_less_nat_eq assms(1)
less_imp_le by simp
also have "... =
root (nat b) (x ^ nat a) * root (nat d) (x ^ nat c)"
using real_root_power [of "nat d"] real_root_power_cancel
real_root_pos_pos_le zero_less_nat_eq
Fract(2) zero_less_nat_eq b0 assms(1) by auto
finally have "root (nat b) (root (nat d) (x ^ nat (a * d + c * b))) =
root (nat b) (x ^ nat a) * root (nat d) (x ^ nat c)"
by assumption
then show ?thesis using a0 b0 c0 d0 bd0 abcd adcb0 assms(1) sf rf
by (auto simp add: powrat_def quotient_of_Fract
real_root_mult_exp nat_mult_distrib
zero_less_Fract_iff real_root_normalize_cancel)
next
case False
then show ?thesis
by (simp add: a0 b0 c0 d0)
qed
qed
qed
lemma powrat_add_neg:
assumes "0 < x" and "r < 0" and "s < 0"
shows "x pow⇩ℚ (r + s) = (x pow⇩ℚ r) * (x pow⇩ℚ s)"
proof -
have "x pow⇩ℚ (- r + - s) = x pow⇩ℚ - r * x pow⇩ℚ - s"
using assms powrat_add_pos neg_0_less_iff_less by blast
then show ?thesis
by (metis inverse_eq_imp_eq inverse_mult_distrib
minus_add_distrib powrat_minus)
qed
lemma powrat_add_neg_pos:
assumes pos_x: "0 < x" and
neg_r: "r < 0" and
pos_s: "0 < s"
shows "x pow⇩ℚ (r + s) = (x pow⇩ℚ r) * (x pow⇩ℚ s)"
proof (cases "r + s > 0")
assume exp_pos: "r + s > 0"
have "-r > 0" using neg_r by simp
then have "x pow⇩ℚ (r + s) * (x pow⇩ℚ -r) = (x pow⇩ℚ s)"
using exp_pos pos_x powrat_add_pos by fastforce
then have "x pow⇩ℚ (r + s) * inverse (x pow⇩ℚ r) = (x pow⇩ℚ s)"
by (simp add: powrat_minus)
then show "x pow⇩ℚ (r + s) = (x pow⇩ℚ r) * (x pow⇩ℚ s)"
by (metis Groups.mult_ac(3) assms(1) mult.right_neutral
order_less_irrefl powrat_gt_zero right_inverse)
next
assume exp_pos: "¬ r + s > 0"
then have "r + s = 0 ∨ r + s < 0" using neq_iff by blast
then show "x pow⇩ℚ (r + s) = (x pow⇩ℚ r) * (x pow⇩ℚ s)"
proof
assume exp_zero: "r + s = 0"
then have "x pow⇩ℚ (r + s) = 1" by simp
also have "... = (x pow⇩ℚ r) * inverse (x pow⇩ℚ r)"
using pos_x powrat_not_zero by simp
also have "... = (x pow⇩ℚ r) * (x pow⇩ℚ - r)"
by (simp add: powrat_minus)
finally show "x pow⇩ℚ (r + s) = (x pow⇩ℚ r) * (x pow⇩ℚ s)"
using exp_zero minus_unique by blast
next
assume "r + s < 0"
have "-s < 0" using pos_s by simp
then have "x pow⇩ℚ (r + s) * (x pow⇩ℚ -s) = (x pow⇩ℚ r)"
using ‹r + s < 0› pos_x powrat_add_neg by fastforce
then have "x pow⇩ℚ (r + s) * inverse (x pow⇩ℚ s) = (x pow⇩ℚ r)"
by (simp add: powrat_minus)
then show "x pow⇩ℚ (r + s) = (x pow⇩ℚ r) * (x pow⇩ℚ s)"
by (metis divide_eq_eq divide_real_def
less_irrefl pos_x powrat_not_zero)
qed
qed
lemma powrat_add_pos_neg:
"⟦ 0 < x; 0 < r; s < 0 ⟧
⟹ x pow⇩ℚ (r + s) = (x pow⇩ℚ r) * (x pow⇩ℚ s)"
by (metis add.commute mult.commute powrat_add_neg_pos)
lemma powrat_add:
assumes "0 < x"
shows "x pow⇩ℚ (r + s) = (x pow⇩ℚ r) * (x pow⇩ℚ s)"
proof (cases "(r > 0 ∨ r ≤ 0) ∧ (s > 0 ∨ s ≤ 0)")
case True
then show ?thesis using assms
by (auto dest: powrat_add_pos powrat_add_neg powrat_add_neg_pos
powrat_add_pos_neg simp add: le_less)
next
case False
then show ?thesis by auto
qed
lemma powrat_diff:
"0 < x ⟹ x pow⇩ℚ (a - b) = x pow⇩ℚ a / x pow⇩ℚ b"
by (metis add_uminus_conv_diff divide_inverse powrat_add powrat_minus)
lemma powrat_mult_pos:
assumes "0 < x" and "0 < r" and "0 < s"
shows "x pow⇩ℚ (r * s) = (x pow⇩ℚ r) pow⇩ℚ s"
proof (cases r)
case (Fract a b)
assume b0: "b > 0" and rf: "r = Fract a b" and coab: "coprime a b"
have a0: "a > 0"
using assms(2) b0 rf zero_less_Fract_iff by blast
then show ?thesis
proof (cases s)
case (Fract c d)
assume d0: "d > 0" and sf: "s = Fract c d" and coad: "coprime c d"
then have c0: "c > 0"
using assms(3) zero_less_Fract_iff by blast
then have "b * d > 0"
using b0 d0 by simp
then show ?thesis using a0 c0 b0 d0 rf sf coab coad assms
by (auto intro: mult_pos_pos simp add: powrat_def quotient_of_Fract
zero_less_Fract_iff real_root_normalize_cancel real_root_power
real_root_mult_exp [symmetric] nat_mult_distrib power_mult
mult.commute)
qed
qed
lemma powrat_mult_neg:
assumes "0 < x" "r < 0" and "s < 0"
shows "x pow⇩ℚ (r * s) = (x pow⇩ℚ r) pow⇩ℚ s"
proof -
have " x pow⇩ℚ (- r * - s) = (x pow⇩ℚ - r) pow⇩ℚ - s"
using powrat_mult_pos assms neg_0_less_iff_less by blast
then show ?thesis
by (simp add: powrat_inverse powrat_minus)
qed
lemma powrat_mult_neg_pos:
assumes "0 < x" and "r < 0" and "0 < s"
shows "x pow⇩ℚ (r * s) = (x pow⇩ℚ r) pow⇩ℚ s"
proof -
have "x pow⇩ℚ (- r * s) = (x pow⇩ℚ - r) pow⇩ℚ s"
using powrat_mult_pos assms neg_0_less_iff_less by blast
then show ?thesis
by (simp add: powrat_inverse powrat_minus)
qed
lemma powrat_mult_pos_neg:
assumes "0 < x" and "0 < r" and "s < 0"
shows "x pow⇩ℚ (r * s) = (x pow⇩ℚ r) pow⇩ℚ s"
proof -
have "x pow⇩ℚ (r * - s) = (x pow⇩ℚ r) pow⇩ℚ - s"
using powrat_mult_pos assms neg_0_less_iff_less by blast
then show ?thesis
by (simp add: powrat_minus)
qed
lemma powrat_mult:
assumes "0 < x" shows "x pow⇩ℚ (r * s) = (x pow⇩ℚ r) pow⇩ℚ s"
proof -
{fix q::rat
assume "q = 0" then have "x pow⇩ℚ (q * s) = (x pow⇩ℚ q) pow⇩ℚ s"
by simp
}
then show ?thesis
by (metis assms linorder_neqE_linordered_idom mult_zero_right
powrat_mult_neg powrat_mult_neg_pos powrat_mult_pos
powrat_mult_pos_neg powrat_zero_eq_one)
qed
lemma powrat_less_mono:
assumes "r < s" and "1 < x"
shows "x pow⇩ℚ r < x pow⇩ℚ s"
proof (cases r)
case (Fract a b)
assume r_assms: "r = Fract a b" "0 < b" "coprime a b"
then show ?thesis
proof (cases s)
case (Fract c d)
assume s_assms: "s = Fract c d" "0 < d" "coprime c d"
have adcb: "a * d < c * b"
using assms r_assms s_assms by auto
have b_ba: "0 < nat (b * d)"
by (simp add: r_assms(2) s_assms(2))
have root0: "0 ≤ root (nat d) (x ^ nat c)"
"0 ≤ root (nat d) (1 / x ^ nat (- c))"
using assms(2) real_root_pos_pos_le by auto
then show ?thesis
proof (auto simp add: powrat_def quotient_of_Fract zero_less_Fract_iff
s_assms r_assms)
assume ac0: "0 < a" "0 < c"
then have "(x ^ nat a) ^ nat d < (x ^ nat c) ^ nat b"
using adcb assms(2) r_assms(2) less_imp_le mult_pos_pos
nat_mono_iff nat_mult_distrib power_mult
power_strict_increasing
by metis
then have "root (nat b) (x ^ nat a) ^ nat (b * d) <
root (nat d) (x ^ nat c) ^ nat (b * d)"
using assms r_assms s_assms ac0 real_root_power
[symmetric] nat_mult_distrib
by (auto simp add: power_mult)
then show "root (nat b) (x ^ nat a) < root (nat d) (x ^ nat c)"
using power_less_imp_less_base root0(1) by blast
next
assume "0 < a" "¬ 0 < c"
then show "root (nat b) (x ^ nat a) <
root (nat d) (1 / x ^ nat (- c))"
using assms(1) less_trans r_assms(1) r_assms(2) s_assms(1)
s_assms(2) zero_less_Fract_iff by blast
next
assume ac0: "¬ 0 < a" "0 < c"
then have "a = 0 ∨ a < 0" by auto
then show "root (nat b) (1 / x ^ nat (- a)) <
root (nat d) (x ^ nat c)"
proof
assume "a = 0" then show ?thesis
by (simp add: ac0(2) assms(2) r_assms(2) s_assms(2))
next
assume a0: "a < 0"
have "(1 / x ^ nat (- a)) ^ nat d < 1"
using a0 s_assms(2) assms(2) adcb power_mult [symmetric]
power_one_over nat_mult_distrib [symmetric]
by (metis (no_types) eq_divide_eq_1 inverse_eq_divide inverse_le_1_iff
le_less neg_0_less_iff_less one_less_power power_one_over
zero_less_nat_eq)
moreover have "1 < (x ^ nat c) ^ nat b"
by (simp add: ac0(2) assms(2) r_assms(2))
ultimately have "(1 / x ^ nat (- a)) ^ nat d < (x ^ nat c) ^ nat b"
by linarith
then have "root (nat b) (1 / x ^ nat (- a)) ^ nat (b * d)
< root (nat d) (x ^ nat c) ^ nat (b * d)"
using assms r_assms s_assms ac0 real_root_power [symmetric] nat_mult_distrib
by (auto simp add: power_mult)
then show ?thesis
using power_less_imp_less_base root0(1) by blast
qed
next
assume ac0: "¬ 0 < a" "¬ 0 < c"
then show "root (nat b) (1 / x ^ nat (- a)) <
root (nat d) (1 / x ^ nat (- c))"
proof (cases "a = 0 ∨ c = 0")
assume "a = 0 ∨ c = 0" then show ?thesis
using assms r_assms s_assms adcb ac0
by (auto simp add: not_less le_less)
next
assume "¬ (a = 0 ∨ c = 0)"
then have ac00: "a < 0" "c < 0" using ac0 by auto
then have "1 / x ^ nat (- (a * d)) <
1 / x ^ nat (- (c * b))"
using ac00 r_assms s_assms assms
by (simp add: divide_inverse mult_pos_neg2)
then have "(1 / x ^ nat (- a)) ^ nat d <
(1 / x ^ nat (- c)) ^ nat b"
using s_assms r_assms ac00
by (auto simp add: power_mult [symmetric]
power_one_over nat_mult_distrib [symmetric])
then have "root (nat b) (1 / x ^ nat (- a)) ^ nat (b * d)
< root (nat d) (1 / x ^ nat (- c)) ^ nat (b * d)"
using assms r_assms s_assms ac0 real_root_power [symmetric]
nat_mult_distrib
by (auto simp add: power_mult)
then show "root (nat b) (1 / x ^ nat (- a)) <
root (nat d) (1 / x ^ nat (- c))"
using power_less_imp_less_base root0(2) by blast
qed
qed
qed
qed
lemma power_le_imp_le_base2:
"⟦ (a::'a::linordered_semidom) ^ n ≤ b ^ n; 0 ≤ b; 0 < n ⟧
⟹ a ≤ b"
by (auto intro: power_le_imp_le_base [of _ "n - 1"])
lemma powrat_le_mono:
assumes "r ≤ s" and "1 ≤ x"
shows "x pow⇩ℚ r ≤ x pow⇩ℚ s"
by (metis (full_types) assms le_less powrat_less_mono powrat_one_eq_one)
lemma powrat_less_cancel:
"⟦ x pow⇩ℚ r < x pow⇩ℚ s; 1 < x ⟧ ⟹ r < s"
by (metis not_less_iff_gr_or_eq powrat_less_mono)
lemma powrat_less_cancel_iff [simp]:
"1 < x ⟹ (x pow⇩ℚ r < x pow⇩ℚ s) = (r < s)"
by (blast intro: powrat_less_cancel powrat_less_mono)
lemma powrat_le_cancel_iff [simp]:
"1 < x ⟹ (x pow⇩ℚ r ≤ x pow⇩ℚ s) = (r ≤ s)"
by (simp add: linorder_not_less [symmetric])
lemma power_inject_exp_less_one [simp]:
"⟦0 < a; (a::'a::{linordered_field}) < 1 ⟧
⟹ a ^ m = a ^ n ⟷ m = n"
by (metis less_irrefl nat_neq_iff power_strict_decreasing)
lemma power_inject_exp_strong [simp]:
"⟦0 < a; (a::'a::{linordered_field}) ≠ 1 ⟧
⟹ a ^ m = a ^ n ⟷ m = n"
by (case_tac "a < 1") (auto simp add: not_less)
lemma nat_eq_cancel: "0 < a ⟹ 0 < b ⟹ (nat a = nat b) = (a = b)"
by auto
lemma powrat_inject_exp [simp]:
"1 < x ⟹ (x pow⇩ℚ r = x pow⇩ℚ s) = (s = r)"
by (metis neq_iff powrat_less_cancel_iff)
lemma powrat_inject_exp_less_one [simp]:
assumes "0 < x" and "x < 1"
shows "(x pow⇩ℚ r = x pow⇩ℚ s) = (s = r)"
proof -
have "1 < inverse x"
using assms one_less_inverse by blast
then show ?thesis
using powrat_inject_exp powrat_inverse by fastforce
qed
lemma powrat_inject_exp_strong [simp]:
"⟦ 0 < x; x ≠ 1 ⟧ ⟹ (x pow⇩ℚ r = x pow⇩ℚ s) = (s = r)"
using powrat_inject_exp_less_one by fastforce
lemma powrat_less_1_cancel_iff [simp]:
assumes x0: "0 < x" and x1: "x < 1"
shows "(x pow⇩ℚ r < x pow⇩ℚ s) = (s < r)"
proof
assume xrs: "x pow⇩ℚ r < x pow⇩ℚ s"
have invx: "1 < 1/x" using assms by simp
have "r < s ∨ r ≥ s" using leI by blast
then show "s < r"
proof
assume "r < s"
then have " inverse x pow⇩ℚ r < inverse x pow⇩ℚ s" using invx
by (simp add: inverse_eq_divide)
then have " x pow⇩ℚ s < x pow⇩ℚ r"
by (simp add: powrat_gt_zero powrat_inverse x0)
then show ?thesis using xrs by linarith
next
assume "r ≥ s"
then show ?thesis
using less_eq_rat_def xrs by blast
qed
next
assume sr: "s < r"
have invx: "1 < 1/x" using assms by simp
then have " inverse x pow⇩ℚ s < inverse x pow⇩ℚ r" using invx sr
by (simp add: inverse_eq_divide)
then show "x pow⇩ℚ r < x pow⇩ℚ s"
by (simp add: powrat_gt_zero powrat_inverse x0)
qed
lemma powrat_le_1_cancel_iff [simp]:
"⟦0 < x; x < 1⟧ ⟹ (x pow⇩ℚ r ≤ x pow⇩ℚ s) = (s ≤ r)"
by (auto simp add: le_less)
lemma powrat_ge_one: "x ≥ 1 ⟹ r ≥ 0 ⟹ x pow⇩ℚ r ≥ 1"
by (metis powrat_le_mono powrat_zero_eq_one)
lemma isCont_powrat:
assumes "0 < x" shows "isCont (λx. x pow⇩ℚ r) x"
proof (cases r)
case (Fract a b)
assume fract_assms: "r = Fract a b" "0 < b" "coprime a b"
then show ?thesis
proof (cases "0 < a")
case True
then show ?thesis
using fract_assms isCont_o2 [OF isCont_power [OF continuous_ident]]
by (auto intro: isCont_real_root simp add: powrat_def zero_less_Fract_iff)
next
case False
then show ?thesis
using fract_assms assms isCont_real_root real_root_gt_zero
continuous_at_within_inverse [intro!]
by (auto intro!: isCont_o2 [OF isCont_power [OF continuous_ident]]
simp add: powrat_def zero_less_Fract_iff divide_inverse
real_root_inverse)
qed
qed
lemma LIMSEQ_powrat_base:
"⟦ X ⇢ a; a > 0 ⟧ ⟹ (λn. (X n) pow⇩ℚ q) ⇢ a pow⇩ℚ q"
by (metis isCont_tendsto_compose [where g="λx. x pow⇩ℚ q"] isCont_powrat)
lemma powrat_inverse_of_nat_ge_one [simp]:
"a ≥ 1 ⟹ a pow⇩ℚ (inverse (of_nat n)) ≥ 1"
by (simp add: powrat_ge_one)
lemma powrat_inverse_of_nat_le_self [simp]:
assumes "1 ≤ a" shows "a pow⇩ℚ inverse (rat_of_nat n) ≤ a"
proof -
have "inverse (rat_of_nat n) ≤ 1"
by (auto simp add: inverse_le_1_iff)
also have "a pow⇩ℚ 1 ≤ a" by simp
ultimately show ?thesis
using assms powrat_le_mono by fastforce
qed
lemma BseqI2': "∀n≥N. norm (X n) ≤ K ⟹ Bseq X"
using BfunI eventually_sequentially by blast
lemma Bseq_powrat_inverse_of_nat_ge_one:
"a ≥ 1 ⟹ Bseq (λn. a pow⇩ℚ (inverse (of_nat n)))"
by (auto intro: BseqI2' [of 1 _ a] simp add: less_imp_le powrat_gt_zero)
lemma decseq_powrat_inverse_of_nat_ge_one:
"a ≥ 1 ⟹ decseq (λn. a pow⇩ℚ (inverse (of_nat (Suc n))))"
unfolding decseq_def by (auto intro: powrat_le_mono)
lemma convergent_powrat_inverse_Suc_of_nat_ge_one:
assumes "a ≥ 1"
shows "convergent (λn. a pow⇩ℚ (inverse (of_nat (Suc n))))"
proof -
have "Bseq (λn. a pow⇩ℚ inverse (rat_of_nat n))"
using Bseq_powrat_inverse_of_nat_ge_one assms by blast
then have "Bseq (λn. a pow⇩ℚ inverse (rat_of_nat (Suc n)))"
using Bseq_ignore_initial_segment [of _ 1] by fastforce
also have "monoseq (λn. a pow⇩ℚ inverse (rat_of_nat (Suc n)))"
using assms decseq_imp_monoseq decseq_powrat_inverse_of_nat_ge_one by blast
ultimately show ?thesis
using Bseq_monoseq_convergent by blast
qed
lemma convergent_powrat_inverse_of_nat_ge_one:
assumes "a ≥ 1" shows "convergent (λn. a pow⇩ℚ (inverse (of_nat n)))"
proof -
have "convergent (λn. a pow⇩ℚ inverse (rat_of_nat (Suc n)))"
using convergent_powrat_inverse_Suc_of_nat_ge_one assms by blast
then obtain L where "(λn. a pow⇩ℚ inverse (1 + rat_of_nat n)) ⇢ L"
using convergent_def by auto
then have "(λn. a pow⇩ℚ inverse (rat_of_nat (n + 1))) ⇢ L"
by simp
then have "(λn. a pow⇩ℚ inverse (rat_of_nat n)) ⇢ L"
by (rule LIMSEQ_offset [of _ 1])
then show ?thesis using convergent_def by auto
qed
lemma LIMSEQ_powrat_inverse_of_nat_ge_one:
assumes "a ≥ 1" shows "(λn. a pow⇩ℚ (inverse (of_nat n))) ⇢ 1"
proof -
have "convergent(λn. a pow⇩ℚ inverse (rat_of_nat n))"
using convergent_powrat_inverse_of_nat_ge_one assms by blast
then have "∃L. L ≠ 0 ∧ (λn. a pow⇩ℚ (inverse (of_nat n))) ⇢ L"
using assms convergent_def powrat_inverse_of_nat_ge_one
LIMSEQ_le_const not_one_le_zero
by metis
then obtain L
where l0: "L ≠ 0"
and liml: "(λn. a pow⇩ℚ (inverse (of_nat n))) ⇢ L"
by blast
then have "(λn. a pow⇩ℚ (inverse (of_nat n)) *
a pow⇩ℚ (inverse (of_nat n))) ⇢ L * L"
by (simp add: tendsto_mult)
then have "(λn. a pow⇩ℚ (2 * inverse (of_nat n))) ⇢ L * L"
using powrat_add [symmetric] assms by simp
also have "(2::nat) > 0" by simp
ultimately
have "(λn. a pow⇩ℚ (2 * inverse (of_nat (n * 2)))) ⇢ L * L"
using LIMSEQ_linear [of _ "L * L" 2] by blast
then have "(λn. a pow⇩ℚ (inverse (of_nat n))) ⇢ L * L"
by simp
then show ?thesis using liml using LIMSEQ_unique l0
by fastforce
qed
lemma LIMSEQ_powrat_inverse_of_nat_pos_less_one:
assumes a0: "0 < a" and a1: "a < 1"
shows "(λn. a pow⇩ℚ (inverse (of_nat n))) ⇢ 1"
proof -
have "inverse a > 1" using a0 a1
using one_less_inverse by blast
then have "(λn. inverse a pow⇩ℚ inverse (rat_of_nat n)) ⇢ 1"
using LIMSEQ_powrat_inverse_of_nat_ge_one by simp
then have "(λn. inverse (a pow⇩ℚ inverse (rat_of_nat n))) ⇢ 1"
using powrat_inverse by simp
then have "(λx. 1 / inverse (a pow⇩ℚ inverse (rat_of_nat x))) ⇢ 1/1"
by (auto intro: tendsto_divide simp only:)
then show ?thesis by (auto simp add: divide_inverse)
qed
lemma LIMSEQ_powrat_inverse_of_nat:
"a > 0 ⟹ (λn. a pow⇩ℚ (inverse (of_nat n))) ⇢ 1"
by (metis LIMSEQ_powrat_inverse_of_nat_ge_one
LIMSEQ_powrat_inverse_of_nat_pos_less_one leI)
lemma real_root_eq_powrat_inverse:
assumes "n > 0" shows "root n x = x pow⇩ℚ (inverse (of_nat n))"
proof (cases n)
case 0
then show ?thesis
using assms by blast
next
case (Suc m)
assume nSuc: "n = Suc m"
then have "root (Suc m) x = root (nat (1 + int m)) x"
by (metis nat_int of_nat_Suc)
then show ?thesis
by (auto simp add: nSuc powrat_def of_nat_rat
zero_less_Fract_iff quotient_of_Fract)
qed
lemma powrat_power_eq:
"0 < a ⟹ a pow⇩ℚ rat_of_nat n = a ^ n"
proof (induction n)
case 0
then show ?case by simp
next
case (Suc n)
then show ?case using powrat_add by simp
qed
end