Theory Err

(*  Title:      HOL/MicroJava/BV/Err.thy
    Author:     Tobias Nipkow
    Copyright   2000 TUM

The error type.
*)

section ‹The Error Type›

theory Err
imports Semilat
begin

datatype 'a err = Err | OK 'a

type_synonym 'a ebinop = "'a ⇒ 'a ⇒ 'a err"
type_synonym 'a esl = "'a set × 'a ord × 'a ebinop"

primrec ok_val :: "'a err ⇒ 'a"
where
  "ok_val (OK x) = x"

definition lift :: "('a ⇒ 'b err) ⇒ ('a err ⇒ 'b err)"
where
  "lift f e = (case e of Err ⇒ Err | OK x ⇒ f x)"

definition lift2 :: "('a ⇒ 'b ⇒ 'c err) ⇒ 'a err ⇒ 'b err ⇒ 'c err"
where
  "lift2 f e⇩1 e⇩2 =
  (case e⇩1 of Err  ⇒ Err | OK x ⇒ (case e⇩2 of Err ⇒ Err | OK y ⇒ f x y))"

definition le :: "'a ord ⇒ 'a err ord"
where
  "le r e⇩1 e⇩2 =
  (case e⇩2 of Err ⇒ True | OK y ⇒ (case e⇩1 of Err ⇒ False | OK x ⇒ x ⊑⇩r y))"

definition sup :: "('a ⇒ 'b ⇒ 'c) ⇒ ('a err ⇒ 'b err ⇒ 'c err)"
where
  "sup f = lift2 (λx y. OK (x ⊔⇩f y))"

definition err :: "'a set ⇒ 'a err set"
where
  "err A = insert Err {OK x|x. x∈A}"

definition esl :: "'a sl ⇒ 'a esl"
where
  "esl = (λ(A,r,f). (A, r, λx y. OK(f x y)))"

definition sl :: "'a esl ⇒ 'a err sl"
where
  "sl = (λ(A,r,f). (err A, le r, lift2 f))"

abbreviation
  err_semilat :: "'a esl ⇒ bool" where
  "err_semilat L == semilat(sl L)"

primrec strict  :: "('a ⇒ 'b err) ⇒ ('a err ⇒ 'b err)"
where
  "strict f Err    = Err"
| "strict f (OK x) = f x"

lemma err_def':
  "err A = insert Err {x. ∃y∈A. x = OK y}"
(*<*)
proof -
  have eq: "err A = insert Err {x. ∃y∈A. x = OK y}"
    by (unfold err_def) blast
  show "err A = insert Err {x. ∃y∈A. x = OK y}" by (simp add: eq)
qed
(*>*)

lemma strict_Some [simp]: 
  "(strict f x = OK y) = (∃z. x = OK z ∧ f z = OK y)"
(*<*) by (cases x, auto) (*>*)

lemma not_Err_eq: "(x ≠ Err) = (∃a. x = OK a)" 
(*<*) by (cases x) auto (*>*)

lemma not_OK_eq: "(∀y. x ≠ OK y) = (x = Err)"
(*<*) by (cases x) auto   (*>*)

lemma unfold_lesub_err: "e1 ⊑⇘le r⇙ e2 = le r e1 e2"
(*<*) by (simp add: lesub_def) (*>*)

lemma le_err_refl: "∀x. x ⊑⇩r x ⟹ e ⊑⇘le r⇙ e"
(*<*)
apply (unfold lesub_def le_def)
apply (simp split: err.split)
done 
(*>*)

lemma le_err_refl': "(∀x∈A. x ⊑⇩r x) ⟹ e ∈ err A ⟹  e ⊑⇘le r⇙ e"
(*<*)
apply (unfold lesub_def le_def err_def)
apply (auto  split: err.split)
done 

lemma le_err_trans [rule_format]:
  "order r A ⟹ e1 ∈ err A ⟹ e2 ∈ err A ⟹ e3 ∈ err  A ⟹ e1 ⊑⇘le r⇙ e2 ⟶ e2 ⊑⇘le r⇙ e3 ⟶ e1 ⊑⇘le r⇙ e3"
(*<*)
apply (unfold unfold_lesub_err le_def err_def)
apply (simp split: err.split)
apply (blast intro: order_trans)
done
(*>*)

lemma le_err_antisym [rule_format]:
  "order r A ⟹ e1 ∈ err A ⟹ e2 ∈ err A ⟹ e3 ∈ err A ⟹ e1 ⊑⇘le r⇙ e2 ⟶ e2 ⊑⇘le r⇙ e1 ⟶ e1=e2"
(*<*)
apply (unfold unfold_lesub_err le_def err_def)
apply (simp split: err.split)
apply (blast intro: order_antisym)
done 
(*>*)

lemma OK_le_err_OK: "(OK x ⊑⇘le r⇙ OK y) = (x ⊑⇩r y)"
(*<*) by (simp add: unfold_lesub_err le_def) (*>*)

lemma order_le_err [iff]: "order (le r) (err A) = order r A"
(*<*)
apply (rule iffI)
   apply (subst order_def)
  apply (simp only: err_def)
 apply (blast dest: order_antisym OK_le_err_OK [THEN iffD2]
              intro: order_trans OK_le_err_OK [THEN iffD1])
 apply (subst order_def)
apply (blast intro: le_err_refl' le_err_trans le_err_antisym
             dest: order_refl)
done 
(*>*)

lemma le_Err [iff]: "e ⊑⇘le r⇙ Err"
(*<*) by (simp add: unfold_lesub_err le_def) (*>*)

lemma Err_le_conv [iff]: "Err ⊑⇘le r⇙ e  = (e = Err)"
(*<*) by (simp add: unfold_lesub_err le_def  split: err.split) (*>*)

lemma le_OK_conv [iff]: "e ⊑⇘le r⇙ OK x  =  (∃y. e = OK y ∧ y ⊑⇩r x)"
(*<*) by (simp add: unfold_lesub_err le_def split: err.split) (*>*)

lemma OK_le_conv: "OK x ⊑⇘le r⇙ e = (e = Err ∨ (∃y. e = OK y ∧ x ⊑⇩r y))"
(*<*) by (simp add: unfold_lesub_err le_def split: err.split) (*>*)

lemma top_Err [iff]: "top (le r) Err"
(*<*) by (simp add: top_def) (*>*)

lemma OK_less_conv [rule_format, iff]:
  "OK x ⊏⇘le r⇙ e = (e=Err ∨ (∃y. e = OK y ∧ x ⊏⇩r y))"
(*<*) by (simp add: lesssub_def lesub_def le_def split: err.split) (*>*)

lemma not_Err_less [rule_format, iff]: "¬(Err ⊏⇘le r⇙ x)"
(*<*) by (simp add: lesssub_def lesub_def le_def split: err.split) (*>*)

lemma semilat_errI [intro]: assumes "Semilat A r f"
shows "semilat(err A, le r, lift2(λx y. OK(f x y)))"
(*<*)
proof -
  interpret Semilat A r f by fact
  show ?thesis
    apply(insert semilat)
    apply (simp only: semilat_Def closed_def plussub_def lesub_def 
              lift2_def le_def)
    apply(rule conjI)
    apply simp
    apply (simp add: err_def' split: err.split)
    done
qed
(*>*)

lemma err_semilat_eslI_aux:
assumes "Semilat A r f" shows "err_semilat(esl(A,r,f))"
(*<*)
proof -
  interpret Semilat A r f by fact
  show ?thesis
    apply (unfold sl_def esl_def)
    apply (simp add: semilat_errI [OF ‹Semilat A r f›])
    done
qed
(*>*)

lemma err_semilat_eslI [intro, simp]:
  "semilat L ⟹ err_semilat (esl L)"
(*<*) apply (cases L) apply simp
apply (drule Semilat.intro)
apply (simp add: err_semilat_eslI_aux split_tupled_all)
done (*>*)

lemma acc_err [simp, intro!]:  "acc r ⟹ acc(le r)"
(*<*)
apply (unfold acc_def lesub_def le_def lesssub_def)
apply (simp add: wf_eq_minimal split: err.split)
apply clarify
apply (case_tac "Err : Q")
 apply blast
apply (erule_tac x = "{a . OK a : Q}" in allE)
apply (case_tac "x")
 apply fast
apply blast
done 
(*>*)

lemma Err_in_err [iff]: "Err : err A"
(*<*) by (simp add: err_def') (*>*)

lemma Ok_in_err [iff]: "(OK x ∈ err A) = (x∈A)"
(*<*) by (auto simp add: err_def') (*>*)

subsection ‹lift›

lemma lift_in_errI:
  "⟦ e ∈ err S; ∀x∈S. e = OK x ⟶ f x ∈ err S ⟧ ⟹ lift f e ∈ err S"
(*<*)
apply (unfold lift_def)
apply (simp split: err.split)
apply blast
done 
(*>*)

lemma Err_lift2 [simp]: "Err ⊔⇘lift2 f⇙ x = Err"
(*<*) by (simp add: lift2_def plussub_def) (*>*)

lemma lift2_Err [simp]: "x ⊔⇘lift2 f⇙ Err = Err"
(*<*) by (simp add: lift2_def plussub_def split: err.split) (*>*)

lemma OK_lift2_OK [simp]: "OK x ⊔⇘lift2 f⇙ OK y = x ⊔⇩f y"
(*<*) by (simp add: lift2_def plussub_def split: err.split) (*>*)


subsection ‹sup›

lemma Err_sup_Err [simp]: "Err ⊔⇘sup f⇙ x = Err"
(*<*) by (simp add: plussub_def sup_def lift2_def) (*>*)

lemma Err_sup_Err2 [simp]: "x ⊔⇘sup f⇙ Err = Err"
(*<*) by (simp add: plussub_def sup_def lift2_def split: err.split) (*>*)

lemma Err_sup_OK [simp]: "OK x ⊔⇘sup f⇙ OK y = OK (x ⊔⇩f y)"
(*<*) by (simp add: plussub_def sup_def lift2_def) (*>*)

lemma Err_sup_eq_OK_conv [iff]:
  "(sup f ex ey = OK z) = (∃x y. ex = OK x ∧ ey = OK y ∧ f x y = z)"
(*<*)
apply (unfold sup_def lift2_def plussub_def)
apply (rule iffI)
 apply (simp split: err.split_asm)
apply clarify
apply simp
done
(*>*)

lemma Err_sup_eq_Err [iff]: "(sup f ex ey = Err) = (ex=Err ∨ ey=Err)"
(*<*)
apply (unfold sup_def lift2_def plussub_def)
apply (simp split: err.split)
done 
(*>*)

subsection ‹semilat (err A) (le r) f›

lemma semilat_le_err_Err_plus [simp]:
  "⟦ x∈ err A; semilat(err A, le r, f) ⟧ ⟹ Err ⊔⇩f x = Err"
(*<*) by (blast intro: Semilat.le_iff_plus_unchanged [THEN iffD1, OF Semilat.intro] 
                   Semilat.le_iff_plus_unchanged2 [THEN iffD1, OF Semilat.intro]) (*>*)

lemma semilat_le_err_plus_Err [simp]:
  "⟦ x∈ err A; semilat(err A, le r, f) ⟧ ⟹ x ⊔⇩f Err = Err"
(*<*) by (blast intro: Semilat.le_iff_plus_unchanged [THEN iffD1, OF Semilat.intro]
                   Semilat.le_iff_plus_unchanged2 [THEN iffD1, OF Semilat.intro]) (*>*)

lemma semilat_le_err_OK1:
  "⟦ x∈A; y∈A; semilat(err A, le r, f); OK x ⊔⇩f OK y = OK z ⟧ 
  ⟹ x ⊑⇩r z"
(*<*)
apply (rule OK_le_err_OK [THEN iffD1])
apply (erule subst)
apply (simp add: Semilat.ub1 [OF Semilat.intro])
done
(*>*)

lemma semilat_le_err_OK2:
  "⟦ x∈A; y∈A; semilat(err A, le r, f); OK x ⊔⇩f OK y = OK z ⟧ 
  ⟹ y ⊑⇩r z"
(*<*)
apply (rule OK_le_err_OK [THEN iffD1])
apply (erule subst)
apply (simp add: Semilat.ub2 [OF Semilat.intro])
done
(*>*)

lemma eq_order_le:
  "⟦ x=y; order r A; x ∈A ; y ∈ A ⟧ ⟹ x ⊑⇩r y"
(*<*)
apply (unfold order_def)
apply blast
done
(*>*)

lemma OK_plus_OK_eq_Err_conv [simp]:
  assumes "x∈A"  "y∈A"  "semilat(err A, le r, fe)"
  shows "(OK x ⊔⇘fe⇙ OK y = Err) = (¬(∃z∈A. x ⊑⇩r z ∧ y ⊑⇩r z))"
(*<*)
proof -
  have plus_le_conv3: "⋀A x y z f r. 
    ⟦ semilat (A,r,f); x ⊔⇩f y ⊑⇩r z; x∈A; y∈A; z∈A ⟧ 
    ⟹ x ⊑⇩r z ∧ y ⊑⇩r z"
(*<*) by (rule Semilat.plus_le_conv [OF Semilat.intro, THEN iffD1]) (*>*)
  from assms show ?thesis
    apply (rule_tac iffI)
     apply clarify
     apply (drule OK_le_err_OK [THEN iffD2])
     apply (drule OK_le_err_OK [THEN iffD2])
     apply (drule Semilat.lub[OF Semilat.intro, of _ _ _ "OK x" _ "OK y"])
          apply assumption
         apply assumption
        apply simp
       apply simp
      apply simp
     apply simp
    apply (case_tac "OK x ⊔⇘fe⇙ OK y")
     apply assumption
    apply (rename_tac z)
    apply (subgoal_tac "OK z∈ err A")
     apply (drule eq_order_le)
        apply (erule Semilat.orderI [OF Semilat.intro])
       apply (blast intro: Semilat.closedI [OF Semilat.intro] closedD)
      apply simp    
      apply (blast dest: plus_le_conv3) 
    apply (erule subst)
    apply (blast intro: Semilat.closedI [OF Semilat.intro] closedD)
    done 
qed
(*>*)

subsection ‹semilat (err(Union AS))›

(* FIXME? *)
lemma all_bex_swap_lemma [iff]:
  "(∀x. (∃y∈A. x = f y) ⟶ P x) = (∀y∈A. P(f y))"
(*<*) by blast (*>*)

lemma closed_err_Union_lift2I: 
  "⟦ ∀A∈AS. closed (err A) (lift2 f); AS ≠ {}; 
      ∀A∈AS.∀B∈AS. A≠B ⟶ (∀a∈A.∀b∈B. a ⊔⇩f b = Err) ⟧ 
  ⟹ closed (err(Union AS)) (lift2 f)"
(*<*)
apply (unfold closed_def err_def')
apply simp
apply clarify
apply simp
apply fast
done 
(*>*)

text ‹
  If @{term "AS = {}"} the thm collapses to
  @{prop "order r A ∧ closed {Err} f ∧ Err ⊔⇩f Err = Err"}
  which may not hold 
›

lemma err_semilat_UnionI_auxi: 
  assumes "∀A∈AS. order r A "
      and "∀A∈AS. ∀B∈AS. A ≠ B ⟶ (∀a∈A. ∀b∈B. ¬ a ⊑⇘r⇙ b ∧ a ⊔⇘f⇙ b = Err)"
    shows "order r (⋃ AS)"  
proof-
  from assms(1) have "⋀A. A ∈ AS ⟹ order r A" by auto
  then have "⋀A x. A ∈ AS ⟹ x ∈ A ⟹ x ⊑⇩r x" 
        and g1: "⋀A x y. A ∈ AS ⟹ x ∈ A ⟹ y ∈ A ⟹x ⊑⇩r y ∧ y ⊑⇩r x ⟶ x=y"  
        and g2: "⋀A x y z. A ∈ AS ⟹ x ∈ A ⟹ y ∈ A ⟹z ∈ A ⟹x ⊑⇩r y ∧ y ⊑⇩r z ⟶ x ⊑⇩r z"  by (auto dest:order_antisym order_trans)
  then have "∀x∈(⋃ AS). x ⊑⇩r x" by blast
  moreover from g1 have "∀x∈(⋃ AS). ∀y∈(⋃ AS). x ⊑⇩r y ∧ y ⊑⇩r x ⟶ x=y" using assms(2) by blast  
  moreover from g2 have "∀x∈(⋃ AS). ∀y∈(⋃ AS). ∀z∈(⋃ AS). x ⊑⇩r y ∧ y ⊑⇩r z ⟶ x ⊑⇩r z" using assms(2) by blast
  ultimately show "order r (⋃ AS)" using order_def by blast
qed

lemma err_semilat_UnionI:
  "⟦ ∀A∈AS. err_semilat(A, r, f); AS ≠ {}; 
      ∀A∈AS.∀B∈AS. A≠B ⟶ (∀a∈A.∀b∈B. ¬a ⊑⇩r b ∧ a ⊔⇩f b = Err) ⟧ 
  ⟹ err_semilat(Union AS, r, f)"
(*<*)
apply (unfold semilat_def sl_def)
apply (simp add: closed_err_Union_lift2I)
apply (rule conjI)
 apply (blast intro: err_semilat_UnionI_auxi) 
apply (simp add: err_def')
apply (rule conjI)
 apply clarify
 apply (rename_tac A a u B b)
 apply (case_tac "A = B")
  apply simp
 apply simp
apply (rule conjI)
 apply clarify
 apply (rename_tac A a u B b)
 apply (case_tac "A = B")
  apply simp
 apply simp
apply clarify
apply (rename_tac A ya yb B yd z C c a b)
apply (case_tac "A = B")
 apply (case_tac "A = C")
  apply simp
 apply simp
apply (case_tac "B = C")
 apply simp
apply simp
done 
(*>*)

end